Appalachian Music :: essays research papers

Appalachian medical specialtyAppalachee - people on the other sideFolk music - What is common people music?     Traditional songs existing in countries.     Handed down through generations.     Passes on by word of mtabooh, not written in musical notation.Dont know who wrote it.      song and lyrics change as they are passed on.Folk Music is History in song     Tells about daily lives.Tells about Special events - often tragedies, themes of romance, battle, adventure, and history.Purpose of folk music     Entertainment, recreation, socializing, dancing, games.     Teaching, make work go faster, religious.Tells a story (ballads).Origins of Appalachian people     Ireland     Scotland     EnglandMusic influenced by folk and mountain music     Country   &nbs p blue grass     Modern folkMusical instruments used (folk instruments)     Dulcimer, fiddle, banjo, guitar, mandolin, autoharp, mouth bow, washtub bass.Body percussion, spoons, washboard, Jews harp.Harmonica, jug. bluegrass Music - What is bluegrass music?     Direct descendant of old-time string roofy tradition, which developed out of Southern mountain dance music & songs.Combines old-time string band music with gospel harmonies & blues rhythms.play on acoustic instruments (natural sound)     Banjo, guitar, fiddle, mandolin, bass fiddle, dobro (resophonic guitar)Instrumental leads used to show off technical abilityDistinctive vocal harmoniesOriginations of bluegrassBill Monroe - "The father of Bluegrass"     Grew up in Rosine, Kentucky (Ohio County)     Music takes its name from Bill Monroes band, The Blue Grass Boys     I nfluenced by -Pendleton Vandiver ("Uncle Pen") the uncle who "raised" Bill and taughthim how to play the fiddle.Arnold Schultz, black "blues" vocalizer and guitar player.Timeline1911 - Bill Monroe born on September 131940s - development of bluegrass music1950s - people began referring to his style of music as Bluegrass1960s - concept of "bluegrass festival" introduced1996 - Bill Monroe died on September 91997 - Bill Monroe inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Because of his influenceon popular musicBluegrass Music featured inFilms of "Bonnie and Clyde", "Deliverance"Television Shows of "The Beverly Hillbillies", "The Dukes of Hazard"Written OverviewA sample overview of the history of bluegrass music follows. It should be brief only if comprehensive, as it may also be the introduction of the music to teachers as a study guide before or after an in school presentation or they may include this information in a histo ry of social studies discussion if a program presentation is not possible.Bluegrass Music The RootsThe street balladry of the people who began migrating to America in the early 1600s is considered to be the roots of traditional American music. As the early Jamestown settlers began to spread out into the Carolinas, Tennessee, Kentucky and the Virginias, they composed new songs about day to day like experiences in the new land.

An experiment to investigate whether concentration of acid has an :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

An experiment to investigate whether concentration of unpleasant has aneffect on the response rate of the reaction surrounded by Calcium Carbonateand Hydrochloric Acid.1. The key factor I plan to investigate and what I willing do to make myexperiment a white testThe factor that I plan to investigate is whether the concentration ofacid (the acid being HCl) has any effect on the rate of reactionbetween Calcium carbonate and Hydrochloric acid. I will vary theconcentration and calculate rate of reaction, and calculate the effectof the factor by measuring the amount of catalyst given of during thereaction, and finding out how much gas is given of every 15 seconds. Iwill collect the gas by bubbling it into a gas collection tube in awater bath.I will use five different concentrations 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, and 40%acid. I will mix acid with water to get the desired concentration, andfor each experiment I will keep the volume of the acid and watercombined at 50 ml. For example in order to 80% concentration I willmix 40 ml of acid, and 10 ml of water. For each differentconcentration I will conduct 3 identical experiments, and collect myresults every 15 seconds. I will hence average out the three differentresults for one particular time and produce one result. I will collect8 results per an experiment. I will repeat any measurements that dontappear to follow the general trend.Also to make sure that results are accurate I will use a century mlmeasuring tube with marking for every 1 cm3. I will measure the liquidin a test tube with 1 cm3 marking.I will conduct my experiment in the laboratory. The equation for thisexperiment isCaCo3 + 2HCL CaCL2 + H2O + CO2The variables I plan to control1. Surface area The come forward area of each marble chip should be keptrelatively the same because due to collision theory if much surfacearea is uncommitted the number of particles of solid reactant availablefor collision will increase. Therefore more collisions can occur, andit is l ikely there will be more collisions with sufficient dexterity tosuccessfully lead to a reaction. I might not be able to keep thesurface area of my marble chips exactly the same only when I will attempt tokeep it as similar as possible.2.Volume of liquid I will keep the amount of liquid at 50 ml, becauseif I dont keep the amount of liquid constant I will change the amountof acid in contact with the marble chips, because if there is more HCL

Gene Therapy Essay -- Genetics Science Papers

Gene Therapy I. Introduction With the human genome dispatch now completed, identifying our DNA, the next step forward is being taken to analyze this information and fancy it in a helpful context. As we discover which constituents act and trigger the different traits humans possess, new questions result pertaining to potential problems in our DNA as well as genetic enhancement opportunities. In theory, one time a problem is pinpointed within a persons DNA, there exists a hap for correcting this defect. Gene therapy is a technique used for correcting defective genes amenable for disease development. This relatively new idea sparks much controversy when societal implications are examined. greenback Joy, chief scientist and co-founder of Sun Microsystems, comments that we tin can easily imagine an ordnance race developing over GNR genetics, nanotechnology, and robotics technologies, as it did with the NBC nuclear, chemical, and biological technologies in the 20th centu ry.This timewe arent in a war we are driven, instead, by our habits, our desires, our economic system, and our belligerent need to know (Joy, 2000). This paper provides an in depth look at gene therapy including a description as well as an examination of gene therapy as it affects societal issues. Faced with different applications for the recent knowledge gained in gene therapy, honorable considerations must be analyzed so that society can move forward with caution. II. Gene Therapy ReviewGene therapy, with its first clinical trial in 1990, is a relatively new field that leaves much blunt to be explored. The idea of gene therapy focuses on locating the defective gene and treating it so that the decided gene functions correctly by producing prot... ...e Without Wisdom Human contractable Engineering without Religious Insight. Christian Bioethics, 8, (2), pp147-63. Gene Therapy. (October 2004). Human Genome Project Information. http//www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Geno me/medicine/genetherapy.shtmlstatus. Joy, Bill. (April 2000). Why the afterlife Doesnt Need Us. Wired, 8, (4). Silva, Fred G. (September 2002). Ethics of the bare-ass Biology and genetic Medicine (Molecular Ethics). Pathology International, 52, (9), pp555-62. Thompson, Richard E. (May 2003). Does Patenting Genes Change the Meaning of Life? Physician Executive, 29, (3), pp40-43. Williams, D. (December 2002). Public Confidence in medical exam Technology. Medical Device Technology, 13, (10), pp11-3. Wright, Richard T. (2003). Biology through the Eyes of Faith. New York HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. Gene Therapy Essay -- Genetics Science PapersGene Therapy I. Introduction With the human genome project now completed, identifying our DNA, the next step forward is being taken to analyze this information and apply it in a helpful context. As we discover which genes affect and trigger the different traits humans possess, new questions result pertaining to potential problems in our DNA as well as genetic enhancement opportunities. In theory, once a problem is pinpointed within a persons DNA, there exists a possibility for correcting this defect. Gene therapy is a technique used for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development. This relatively new idea sparks much controversy when societal implications are examined. Bill Joy, chief scientist and co-founder of Sun Microsystems, comments that we can easily imagine an arms race developing over GNR genetics, nanotechnology, and robotics technologies, as it did with the NBC nuclear, chemical, and biological technologies in the 20th century.This timewe arent in a war we are driven, instead, by our habits, our desires, our economic system, and our competitive need to know (Joy, 2000). This paper provides an in depth look at gene therapy including a description as well as an examination of gene therapy as it affects societal issues. Faced with di fferent applications for the recent knowledge gained in gene therapy, ethical considerations must be analyzed so that society can move forward with caution. II. Gene Therapy ReviewGene therapy, with its first clinical trial in 1990, is a relatively new field that leaves much open to be explored. The idea of gene therapy focuses on locating the defective gene and treating it so that the fixed gene functions correctly by producing prot... ...e Without Wisdom Human Genetic Engineering without Religious Insight. Christian Bioethics, 8, (2), pp147-63. Gene Therapy. (October 2004). Human Genome Project Information. http//www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/medicine/genetherapy.shtmlstatus. Joy, Bill. (April 2000). Why the Future Doesnt Need Us. Wired, 8, (4). Silva, Fred G. (September 2002). Ethics of the New Biology and Genetic Medicine (Molecular Ethics). Pathology International, 52, (9), pp555-62. Thompson, Richard E. (May 2003). Does Patenting Genes Ch ange the Meaning of Life? Physician Executive, 29, (3), pp40-43. Williams, D. (December 2002). Public Confidence in Medical Technology. Medical Device Technology, 13, (10), pp11-3. Wright, Richard T. (2003). Biology through the Eyes of Faith. New York HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.

Goal Setting Essay -- essays papers

close crashtingIn the first article that I found It stated that Goal Setting is a evening gown process for mortalal planning, and is a form of motivation. It is used for a target that a soulfulness works for so they rout out be successful. The process of object set apartting is used by many people throughout the world that are try to and have already achieved something in their lifetime.Setting goals helps a person remain focused on being successful, stay away fromdistractions, and provide help with motivation. there are two types of goal shot long-run, and short-run goals. Short-term goals are smaller goals that are easier toachieve, and will keep the person motivated and continue to get to for success. They alsoare goals that gallop up to the Long-term goals. The Long-term goals are usually the goalsthat give you a vision of what you are trying to accomplish. These type of goals can also be called Lifetime Goals.When setting goals, one must remember to set clearly defined goals that are notimpossible to achieve. After achieving the goals that you set for yourself, you will start to become confident, motivated, and realize your abilities. After realizing your abilities, you king find yourself setting higher goals that are more catchy for you to accomplish, but with the confidence you acquired from your front goals, you are more likely to accomplish the more difficult goals. This particular article used eight broad guidelines to help set effective goals1- call forth each goal as a positive rehearsal2- Be precise3- Set priorities4- Write goals down5- Keep operational goals small6- Set performance goals, not outcome goals7- Set realistic goals8- Do not set goals too lowIt is important to enjoy the ha... ...when review thosegoals in my head, some of them fit in the Where Goal Setting Can Go Wrong category.I would set unrealistic goals, and outcome goals not performance goals. After rendering thearticles, it motivated me to start setting go als for myself, and try to become the better(p)person I can. There are so many things that I want to accomplish, and straight off I know how Ican get started on achieving them. I realized I have to start with setting Short-term goals that are precise, positive, organized, and realistic. These goals will keep me motivated and I will continue to get hold of for success. I would also have to set Long-term visual goals so my Short-term goals would lead up to something positive for my life.Overall, These articles made me believe that goal setting is a very important part of being successful, and I believe that everyone should use this process. Goal Setting Essay -- essays papersGoal SettingIn the first article that I found It stated that Goal Setting is a formal process for personal planning, and is a form of motivation. It is used for a target that a person works for so they can be successful. The process of goal setting is used by many people throughout the world th at are trying to and have already achieved something in their lifetime.Setting goals helps a person remain focused on being successful, stay away fromdistractions, and will help with motivation. There are two types of goal settingLong-term, and Short-term goals. Short-term goals are smaller goals that are easier toachieve, and will keep the person motivated and continue to strive for success. They alsoare goals that lead up to the Long-term goals. The Long-term goals are usually the goalsthat give you a vision of what you are trying to accomplish. These type of goals can also be called Lifetime Goals.When setting goals, one must remember to set clearly defined goals that are notimpossible to achieve. After achieving the goals that you set for yourself, you will start to become confident, motivated, and realize your abilities. After realizing your abilities, you might find yourself setting higher goals that are more difficult for you to accomplish, but with the confidence you acquir ed from your previous goals, you are more likely to accomplish the more difficult goals. This particular article used eight broad guidelines to help set effective goals1- State each goal as a positive statement2- Be precise3- Set priorities4- Write goals down5- Keep operational goals small6- Set performance goals, not outcome goals7- Set realistic goals8- Do not set goals too lowIt is important to enjoy the ha... ...when review thosegoals in my head, most of them fit in the Where Goal Setting Can Go Wrong category.I would set unrealistic goals, and outcome goals not performance goals. After reading thearticles, it motivated me to start setting goals for myself, and try to become the bestperson I can. There are so many things that I want to accomplish, and now I know how Ican get started on achieving them. I realized I have to start with setting Short-term goals that are precise, positive, organized, and realistic. These goals will keep me motivated and I will continue to strive for success. I would also have to set Long-term visual goals so my Short-term goals would lead up to something positive for my life.Overall, These articles made me believe that goal setting is a very important part of being successful, and I believe that everyone should use this process.

How to Work at Subway :: Process Essays

How to Work at SubwayThe only topic required to piss a decent job is a little responsibility. Any soul who git communicate in English and perform physical activities should be commensurate to hold a job. This is the case at Subway. A person needs no more extra skills to be employed there than one can learn in two days. However, failure to demonstrate responsibility will lead to unemployment.Showing up for work on time is the first thing that a person has to do if working at Subway. When a person goes to work, he or she must be dressed in proper uniform. This includes a Subway brand shirt and hat, a black apron, and black pants (or Subway brand shorts). Anyone who is smarter than a brick can follow these simple rules. Failure tocomply with such easy instructions will result in joblessness. It is indeed amazing that anyone could get fired for demonstrating such a complete lack of dependability. Yet they do.The contiguous and most obvious task one must perform at Subway is the ma king of sandwiches (plus salads and wraps, but lets not get too elaborate). The first gait for making a tasty hoagie is finding out what type of bread the customer wants (typically white or wheat). Next, the employee must ask how large the ambuscade will be (six or twelve inches). After the initial bread information is gathered, one may commence cutting. Simply slice the entire length of the bread, but do not cut all the way through, to create a hinge effect. The entre is whence ready to be dressed.There is a specific order to the ingredients placed on a Subway sub, which must be adhered to unless the customer requests otherwise. The cheese goes on the sub first. Then the bosom (obviously the meat is excluded for vegetarian subs) is placed on top of the cheese. Sauces such as mustard and mayonnaise go above the meat. Vegetables go on next. The order to prompt a person for veggies is hot or mild peppers pickles, peppers, olives lettuce, onion, tomato. Finally on the layer of veg etables are applied the other condiments oil, vinegar, salt, pepper. The lid to the sandwich is situated on top. If the comestible is of the foot-long variety, then it is cut in half before serving. Finally, the edible piece of art is wrapped in paper and delivered to the customer.

How to Work at Subway :: Process Essays

How to Work at SubwayThe only thing required to hold a graceful job is a little responsibility. Any soulfulness who can communicate in English and perform physical activities should be able to hold a job. This is the case at Subway. A person needs no more extra skills to be employed there than one can learn in two days. However, failure to demonstrate responsibility will lead to unemployment.Showing up for work on time is the first thing that a person has to do if working at Subway. When a person goes to work, he or she must be dressed in proper uniform. This includes a Subway flaw shirt and hat, a black apron, and black pants (or Subway brand shorts). Anyone who is smarter than a brick can follow these simple rules. Failure tocomply with such easy book of instructions will result in joblessness. It is indeed amazing that anyone could get fired for demonstrating such a complete lack of dependability. Yet they do.The next and most translucent task one must perform at Subway is th e making of sandwiches (plus salads and wraps, but lets not get too elaborate). The first step for making a tasty hoagie is finding out what type of bread the customer wants (typically white or wheat). Next, the employee must ask how large the loaf will be (six or twelve inches). After the initial bread information is gathered, one may commence cutting. Simply slice the entire length of the bread, but do not cut all the way through, to create a hinge effect. The entre is then ready to be dressed.There is a specific nightclub to the ingredients placed on a Subway sub, which must be adhered to unless the customer requests otherwise. The cheese goes on the sub first. Then the meat (obviously the meat is excluded for vegetarian subs) is placed on top of the cheese. Sauces such as mustard and mayonnaise go above the meat. Vegetables go on next. The order to prompt a person for veggies is hot or mild peppers pickles, peppers, olives lettuce, onion, tomato. Finally on the layer of vegetab les are applied the other condiments oil, vinegar, salt, pepper. The lid to the sandwich is situated on top. If the comestible is of the foot-long variety, then it is cut in half before serving. Finally, the edible piece of art is wrapped in paper and delivered to the customer.

Rbi’s Debt Management and Monetary Policy Essay

I have shown you in class, using the IS-LM model, how the above two roles of the run batted in presents a conflict between the trustd positions of the LM curve and therefore the equilibrium interest rate. Some of you have expressed interest in cunning more about this debate. Therefore here are the two opposing points of view.For the motionOn this side of the debate is the giving medication which supports an supreme Debt Management slur (DMO) that is separate from the RBI. The government has received support from the Report of the Internal Working Group on Debt Management which has pointed out three conflicts that arises from the present arrangement If the rally Bank tries to be an effective debt manager, it would lean towards selling bonds at high prices, i.e. keeping interest rates low. This leads to an inflationary bias in monetary policy. moment if the Central Bank tries to do a good job of discharging its responsibility of selling bonds, it has an incentive to mandate tha t situates hold a large amount of government paper. Third, if the Central Bank administers the operating systems for the government securities markets, as the RBI currently does, this creates another conflict, where the owner/ administrator of these systems is also a participant in the market.The Percy Mistry commissioning on Making Mumbai an International Financial Centre (IFC) recommended the setting up of an autonomous DMO by saying that looking ahead, a sound public espousal strategy for India would incorporate three elements. . . An independent Indian debt watchfulness office operating either as an autonomous agency or under the Ministry of pay that regularly auctioned a large quantum of INR denominated bonds in an IFC in Mumbai. The size of these auctions would be substantial by world standards and would enhance Mumbais stature as an IFC. The Raghuram Rajan committee on Financial Sector Reforms (A Hundred Small Steps) has argued against RBI providing the investment bank ing function to the government as this involves a conflict of interest, since the government would benefit from disappoint interest rates, which the RBI has some control over.Investors in the bond market may also perceive the sale of bonds by RBI to be apprised by a sense of how interest rates will evolve in thefuture. Finally, the RBI is the regulator of banks. Banking supervision could be distorted by the desire to sell bonds at an attractive price. Media commentators have also back up the motion. See for instance Ajay Shah opus in the Business Standard,Ila Patnaik writing in the Indian Express, Shruthi Jayaram writing in the Financial Express, S. Narayan writing in the Mint. Also see what the Stanford Universitys Policy Brief and the Bank for International Settlements feel about this issue.Against the motionpredictably the RBI is opposing the above views. See this Business Standard report which quotes RBI regulator Dr Subbarao as saying that Only central banks have the unden iable market pulse and instruments to aid in making contextual judgements which an independent debt agency, driven by narrow objectives, will not be able to do. The Governor further said that in order to achieve monetary and financial stability, separation of debt management from central bank seems to be a sub-optimal choice. The representative for shifting debt management function out of the central bank is made on several arguments such as resolving conflict of interest, reducing the embody of debt, facilitating debt consolidation and increasing transparency. These advantages are overstated, Dr Subbarao said. He said market borrowings are the major source of deficit financing at state level and such borrowings are exceeding the absorptive capacity of the market.That makes it imperative to harmonise the market borrowing programmes of the Centre and the states. Separation of the Centres debt management from the central bank will make such harmonisation difficult, Dr Subbarao adde d. He said even internationally, there is closer association between the central bank with sovereign debt management for proper monetary policy and financial stability. Also see this Business Line report which quotes Dr Subbrao as saying that the learning from the recent global crisis is that those systems where central bank manages government debt are more effective. When monetary deficit is as high as it is in India, it is not only about debt management in the conventional sense. It has larger implications for liquidity management and monetary policy transmission.The balance of advantage would lie in the RBI continuing to manage public debt until fiscal deficit comes down to very comfortable levels. RBIs internal researchsupports the above view by demonstrating that interest rates have not been affected by the governments borrowing programme (a point made by some of you in class). Some media commentators have also supported RBIs view (see this article in the Economic Times). You will be amused to know that Dr Subbarao himself was an advocate of an independent DMO when he used to tame for the government The confusion over this issue was evidenced by the Rakesh Mohan Committee on Indias Financial Sector Assessment which opined in favour of an independent DMO with the chairman (an ex-deputy governor of the RBI) disagreeing with the committees viewTailpieceThe RBI seems to have reconciled to the setting up of an independent DMO but is insisting that they be in charge of running the office (so much for independence) See this report from the Financial Express. Finally you may enjoy reading this article from the Economic Times on Chidambaram vs Subbarao How conflicts between govt and RBI could lead to better policy-making.

First modern solar cell

The first modern solar cell In 1954, the first modern silicon cells raised by Bell Labs, then it shown at the subject field Academic of Science meeting. Moreover, this kind of cell can make 6 percent efficiency. Then, the New York Time come up with that the cell would lead to a source of Limitless energy of the sun. In 1955, the Western Electric created very significant solar cell technologies. The technology start to use in makes solar cells. In 1957, the AT&T telecom company used the solar battery for their cell phones. Hoffman Electronics created approximately 8 percent efficient solar cell.Thinking about investing in a solar array but concerned about the lifespan of photovoltaic cells? Consider this the worlds oldest solar panel a 60 year-old crystal ball-like contraption still works. The panel was built by a British science teacher who wanted to prove the novel idea that fair weather could be converted into electricity. Of course, the panel doesnt produce much electricity-J ust 1. 5 volts of electricity in direct sunlight, or enough to power a digital watch. And composition todays panels only need indirect sunlight to function, the 60 year-old version requires direct sunlight.Still, the selenium-based panel is surprisingly similar to current models. The half century-old device is the first pattern of a modern solar panel, but it isnt the first piece of solar technology. That distinction goes to Charles Fritts, who built the first solar cell in 1883. Want to offend out the panel for yourself? Its currently on display at Antiques for Everyone, a British antique event.

I Have No Idea Essay

* 1. How does the occasion define carrell yell (paragraph 2)? What changes in society since the 1950s does the author suggest account for the way people use cell ear skirts today?-The author defines cell yell as a no-good behavior from a human talking on the ph peerless too loud, in a way that is including stranger into his private conversation.In the 1950s, people were used to have their conversations in spite of appearance an enclosed phone booth where no one could hear their conversation. These phone booths where at public places. Nowadays people dont care or so having privacy when they are talking on the phone.* 2. How does mobile phone design contribute to bad cell phone manners?-Mobile design tend to cook us feel that the other person on the phone cant hear us clearly or vise versa because of the phones size and how close the mouthpiece is to our mouth. What part does the cell phone users sense of self-importance play?-I believe that the part that cell phone users sense of self-importance play is for the other person to who we are talking to can listen to us clearly.* 3. Eavesdroppers on cell phone conversations experience various reactions, both positive and negative. According to the author, what are some of these reactions and how do people listening against their will handle their strong feelings?-Some people tranquilize talk on the phone privately, others dont. Some people use text messages to express their feeling and not having to listen to the persons bilk voice. Some people prefer to receive a bad new via text message.* 4. Based on the authors examples, what are the rude cell behaviors that bother people the most? What behaviors bother you the most? You might wish to share with the class a humorous or outrageous illustration of bad cell manners that you have encountered.-The rude behavior that bothers people the most is when people are talking too loud. The behavior that bothers me the most is when Im chating with someone and that person is using his phone sooner of putting it away to bond with me. I honestly hate when people do that.WRITING ASSIGNMENTS* 1. economize an essay in which you argue for or against having a designated outcast zone for cell talkers in restaurants, theaters, or other placesthe way many establishments now separate smokers. Develop your thesis with two or three clear supporting points.-People that talk on the phone on quite places. People that text instead of paying attention to what really matters.* 2. Is the rudeness of cell phone users just a symptom of a society that has become less considerate and more(prenominal) self-centered? With a group of classmates, brainstorm other possible symptoms of this trend. Some ideas might include rude clerks and customers, aggressive drivers, or the dying art of thank-you notes. so select one of these and write an essay in which you suggest ways to reverse the trend.-Yes I believe it is. Aggressive drivers. People nowadays dont care about other pe ople anymore. For example in Miami, at least one or two hit-and-run happens every week. People bellow from car to car. People shot other people for beeping.3. E-mail and texting are just two other technologies that some people use inconsiderately or even abusively. For instance, some people forward jokes many times a day, and others text during meetings or dates. Write an essay in which you suggest rules of web etiquette for one technology. You may wish to look up netiquettethe word for rules to govern online behavior.-Texting. There is people that text 24/7. They cant live without texting on the phone. Something else thats being ruining us are smart phones that offer us social network for us to use at anytime, this is overwhelming. People pay more attention to their phone nowadays because of those social networks.

Is Single Life or Married Life Better Essay

In my culture, you used to be required to be married in order to be treated as a gr take in up or an adult. That excogitation had been in my culture for more than a thousand years. As judgment of conviction changed, that concept has somewhat changed too. Nowadays, macrocosm married in an option. Many hatful prefer to stay single and are living happily with their choices, save many others disagree. They destine that you deal to be married to achieve ultimate happiness. So, what are the differences betwixt being married and being single? The three most popular arguments between a married life and a single life are freedom, social ife and finance.Lets start with the first difference freedom, since it is the first function you give up when you marry to someone. Coming along with marriage is responsibilities, it means that you absorb to take care of your partner, your children, you rout outnot just decide to do anything on your own anymore. You cant take off and do anything you want anymore, because most of your sentence will be dedicated to your family. So, whenever you want to go out with your friends, you need to ask your partner for permission. Things are ifferent when you are single. When you are single, you capture full control over your life, you are not bound to any responsibility but your own. If you need to take a break from the stress from your work, you can just take off by yourself.When you want to go out with your friends, you dont need to ask anyones permissions. In contrast, you have busy life taking care of you parent and your children, and you dont get enough time to go out and enjoy yourself. If youre married, you dont have to worry about your social life. It wont be a annoyance if you ecide to go out or need someone to hang out with because your partner will always be there. Since you and your parent have become a package, your amount of friends will become double concluding your partners source of friends. You get to meet more peop le with more choices of activity. But, things are ofttimes more difficult for a single person than a married couple in social life. People who are single always have to worry about their companion whenever they are out. They dont have such a stable friend or partner every time they go out.Instead, they need to call many friends before they find a suitable partner for the night, or they need to spend more time devising new friends. Also their choices of activity are limited and predictable since there are only some activity for single person. So in comparison, people who are married will save time in finding a partner for their social activity with a lot more choices. decision but not least, finance. It is very controversy topic whether you will save more money staying single or earn more money being a married couple.According to Tom Van Riper on Forbes. com, married couples have the advantage in the short term compared to single life, where only 9. 3% of monthly gross income goe s for rent compared with 23% for single, 5. 6% vs. 8. 3% for food, 1% vs. 1. 8% for cable television, and 1. 2% vs. 2. 8% for telephone bill. In addition, auto insurers put up married couple in a lower risk class, saving them money on car insurance. On the other hand, once the children enter the picture, which can bring a married couple in financial trouble, a childs cost can goes up to $4000 per onth ascending in ages. scorn the expenses, single people actually do better in buying houses. Annually, standard deduction for a single person is $4,750 per year, where married couple stands at $7,950 per year. Moreover, married couple tend to start saving for retirement early on, eyepatch singles generally wait until theyre 40, which means singles have more free cash in their pocket than married couple.As I stated in the introduction, nowadays, being single or married is a choice, which many eople choose differently according to the perks they encountered. But beyond the perks, you nee d to choose wisely with another point of view where you can acknowledge advantage and disadvantage of being single or married. Married life comes with responsibility, where you need make the correct decisions every day and taking care of your partner and your children while single life offers freedom, escape from the burden of responsibilities, but lonely in the late years of your life. It has been always a tough decision.

Isolation in Hardy’s poems ‘Nobody Comes’ and ‘The Darkling Thrush’ Essay

In the poems The Darkling Thrush ephemeris time and Nobody Comes NC, Hardy exemplifys two similar images of isolation. In both poems, the lineamente are detached from human community, whilst Hardy explores this using imagery of ghosts and the supernatural in both also. However, individually there are differences in tone although NC ends upon as dire a note as it begins, Hardy engineers an optimistic outlook in terrestrial dynamical time and suggests that the graphemes isolation may notHardy ensures that the figure of speech of TDT is isolated from any other human presence or, until the poems third stanza, any living organism. Whilst leaning against a coppice gate, he notes that all reality had sought their household fires. Although this is an indication of the low temperature, it is noticeable that the rest of humanity are seeking light in an otherwise sorry environment reciprocally, the persona is deprived of both warmth and living company. To further this point, Hardy pers onifies non-human entities, such as frost and winter Winters settlings, for example. In this way, Hardy makes the reader personal not with living creatures but with inanimate entities, isolating the animate persona even more.Indeed, Hardy makes such a division more striking by picturing the personas surroundings as very extreme. Surrounded by deathly imagery, the persona imagines the grace as the Centurys corpse/ His crypt the canopy,/ The wind his death lament. Even Hardys animate entities seem ghostly Frost was spectre-gray and mankind haunted nigh. Such is the state of decay that even the ancient pulse of germ and birth was shrunken the regenerative power of life has itself died, leaving the persona as the repair animate existence.A similar loneliness can be seen in NC, especially towards the end of the poem. In the aftermath of the railroad car passing, the persona observes, mute by the gate, that he stands again alone. The sudden silence and soft, finite t sound of mute in contrast to the onomatopoeic whangs amplifies the personas loneliness as does the empty assonance in the repeated a sound, in alone and again. Equally, the present tense verb stands and again emphasizes that this is an ongoing and repeated state of isolation.However, the persona in Nobody Comes is not simply isolated in terms of being physically alone or the sole living creature he is also isolated from modernity. Hardy again uses supernatural imagery to explore this. The persona notes that The telegraph wire intones like a spectral lyre/ Swept by a spectral hand. Rather than see the telegraph wire as a means of communication, the persona rejects it in presenting an image of disassociation the vagueness of the verb intones summons an image of faceless voices.He also creates negative supernatural connotations there is an innate ghostliness about the archaic lyre set to contrast with the innate modernity of the telegraph wire which is reinforced by the wraithlike spectral. Har dy repeats this for emphasis in spectral hand. In this phrase, he also creates an incongruity between the concrete verb swept and noun hand and the abstract concept of ghostliness the hand does not exist. Its in seeable presence and visible effects are unnerving, making the modern telegraph wire an unpleasant image.The personas rejection of modernity can be seen also in the portrayal of a car coming up. Having shone its aggressive lamps at full glare which Hardy emphasizes by placing at the end of the line the persona states that it has nothing to do with me. This maxim, in being so blunt, is very powerful. It operates to present a rift between the persona and the modern world and, given the unusually colloquial verb whangs, it indicates that the car is viewed as a callous representation of modern life from which the persona wishes to isolate himself. It leaves leaving a blacker air, which may indicate either a corruption of nature (in terms of polluting the otherwise fresh air) or a darkening in the personas emotions. Indeed, the poem concludes with the same negativity, with the word zippo in both the title and the last line. The persona is left again alone and isolated, prompting a large amount of sympathy from the reader.By contrast, TDT concludes with a hopeful note. At the appearance of the thrush, in the third stanza, the reader notes that the bird is similarly isolated and surrounded by death. In truth, the readers initial reaction to the aged frail, gaunt and small thrush is to question whether the creature will survive the bleak conditions. There is a sense of desperation present flinging its soul/ Upon the growing gloom. However, the persona notices some blessed Hope in the birds happy good-night air. Although unaware of why this may be such joy illimited is unintelligible to the persona this leads the poem to end in an optimistic fashion. Although both the persona and the thrush remain isolated from any other company (the persona fails to deep ly associate with the bird) and the anxiety about the future lingers, Hardy does much to suggest that such deep rooted fervourlessness may change in TDTs persona, as opposed to the ongoing isolation present in NC.

Republic of the Philippines Essay

Chapter 1THE PROBLEMIntroductionPoverty has been a major difficulty in the Philippines.Unfortunately, the itemise of Filipinos suffering from the aforementioned social problem is increasing every twelvemonth.Some hand over more than enough to eat, are well clothed and healthy, and fill a reasonable degree of nourishment security just others may have inadequate forage and shelter. Their health is often pitiable, they may be unemployed and their prospects for a breach tone are uncertain at best.As one of the developing countries, the Philippines is still suffering from several sociological and economic problems. Incidence of distress seems unstoppable. Many Filipinos are suffering from extreme poverty and ache and the worse thing is these vulnerable populations are rapidly increasing in number. (Monterola, 2013) In shapes of Education, the administration is also facing a very stern problem.There are many ugly families can non provide for the education of their chil dren. Some families can only afford to eat one meal a twenty-four hours and they cant even send their children to inculcatedays. Sometimes the parents encourage their children to work and earn for their living, so that they can have some(a)thing to eat. But we can non blame them, because sometimes it is better to have something for supper, than to have something to feed your mind. (Mochique, 2012) Low-income parents are often overwhelmed by diminished self-esteem, depression, and a sense of powerlessness and inability to copefeelings that may take on passed along to their children in the form of insufficient nurturing, negativity, and a general failure to focus on childrens needs. (Jensen,2009) In a field of operation of emotional problems of children of single mothers, (Eamon and Zuehl,2001) direct that the stress of poverty increases depression rates among mothers, which results in an increased use of physical punishment.Children themselves are also susceptible to depressio n search shows that poverty is a major predictorof teenage depression Children raised in poverty rarely choose to behave differently, but they are faced daily with provoke challenges that affluent children never have to confront, and their brains have adapted to suboptimal causes in ways that nethermine satisfactory school doing.(Denny et al., 2004). There are many factors that can adjoin faculty member performance. The physical condition of the student has a great deal to do with that persons ability to do a good descent on anything and to understand anything. For example, if the student has scant(p) eyesight, he/she might not be able to read well. If the student has hearing impairment, he/she might not be able to listen and understand instruction. If student has disease, it might impair his/her ability to do the required work. A students Socio Economic term (SES) can affect his/her ability to perform well academically.Read morePolitical Issues in the PhilippinesStudent w ith less money might not be able to purchase school supplies (rulers, paper, pens, computer, books, etc.) that could help them with their work. They might not also visit their doctors and dentist very often and might suffer from undiagnosed nausea or dental problems that cause pain or otherwise impair the students ability to perform well. To prevent this, the government thinks of some ways to give every Filipino youth the education they deserve, because every youth deserves to have a decent education for them to be the next leaders not only of their generation but of the country as well. We should also take care of their wel outlying(prenominal)e. The proclamation of SB No. 3412 PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM ( tetrad Ps) has been a colossal help to the youth, as the primary beneficiaries.The course aims to help not only the youth of Metro Manila but also the youth of the whole country. Our government is one of the institutions that guide or motivate us to succeed. They want to prioritize our rights, especially for the children. They want us to achieve the primary education thats why, state-supported schools were built. But in that respects still a high absentee rate of the students because the income of their parents can only provide them food. This program aims to eradicate poverty and hunger, achieve commonplace primary education, promote gender equality, reduce child morality and improve maternal health with the financial assistance given to the recipients or poor families. It is very helpful in our community because many poor families are in need of better health asnd better education. (Mochique,2012)Statement of the ProblemThis study aims to order the Effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino course of study ( 4 Ps) to the Academic doing of Beneficiaries in Antongalon Butuan City. Specifically, it depart seek to answer the following questions 1. What is the Profile of the Beneficiaries in harm of 1.1 duration1.2 Sex1.3 Family Size and1.4 Parents Monthly Income?2. What is the wellness condition of Beneficiaries in terms of 2.1 Health practices2.2 Nutritional practices and2.3 Socio Economic Status?3. What is the extent of the implementation of four Ps?4. What is the level of Academic performance of the Beneficiaries in Antongalon unproblematic School?5. Is in that location a Significant Effect of the Four Ps chopine to the Academic Performance of the pupils in relation to the Health and Condition of Beneficiaries?6. Is there authoritative relationship surrounded by the profile of beneficiaries with the academic performance of the pupils?7. Is there significant difference forwards and after they become a four Ps member? HypothesisOn the basis of the problem of the study, the hypothesis beneath will be formu advancedd and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Ho1 The Four Ps course of study has no significant effect to the Academic Performance in relation to the Health and Condition of BeneficiariesTheoretical FrameworkThis study will be anchored on the theory that Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four Ps) influences the academic performance of the Beneficiaries. The Constitution, Article 2, Section 9 provides thatThe State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the race and free the people from povertythrough policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all. According to 2006 Annual Poverty Statistics of the National statistical Coordination Board, 27.9 Million Filipinos or one-third (l/3) of the entire population are poor. To address this problem the Department of genial Welfare and Development (DSWD) together implemented a qualified Cash counterchange Program known as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) inspired by the successes of same programs in Latin American countries such as Bolsa Familia in Brazil, Familias en Acci on in Colombia and Oportunidades in Mexico. In Esperanza and Sibagat, Agusan del Sur for example, two of the pilot areas of the 4Ps elementary school enrollment has increased by fifteen percent (15%).Children covered by 4Ps have higher see to itance compared to the general population of children in school. There has also been a significant increase in the vaccination rate as well as a decrease in prevalence of malnutrition among children. Given the far reaching effects of this program in empowering the poor to cross over from their humps of poverty to a better future, there is a need to ensure the sustainability of this Program from one administration to some other. South Learning on Conditional Cash Transfers workshop held at ADB Headquarters, 16-19 April 2013 that was organized in cooperation with Inter-American Development Bank. The workshop aimed to enhance taste of policy makers from developing countries in Asia and the Pacific well-nigh lessons learned from the use of CCT programs in Latin America and Caribbean. The field visit to Santa Maria and Pandi in Bulacan duty ( round 40km northeast of Manila) to learn about the program first hand and interact with the beneficiaries and program administrators was enriching.The beneficiaries shared their personal stories on how blessed they felt to be a part of Pantawid Pamilya. Many parents previously were overburdened with worry on raising a family and not earning enough money to support their children. What little parents earned from incomparable jobs was only sufficient for daily expensestheir children frequently fell ill due to insufficient food and vitamins causing them to miss school. But this all changed for the better under Pantawid Pamilya. (Health Team, 2013) In our study, we will know, if these theories are really true. We will going to identify if the Four Ps implemented by the government is really in force(p) for the improvement of the beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary School interms of, performance, and other educational development of the child. conventional DiagramIndependent Variables Dependent VariablesFigure 1.Shows the Schematic Diagram of the guinea pigSignificance of the Study The study aims to resolve the effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four Ps) to the academic performance of beneficiaries. The result of the study will be beneficial to the following Students. It will give information regarding their academic performance in school. They will be encourage and try their best to maintain their good performance in school as a beneficiaries.Parents. They will be inform if the said program is really helpful in the improvement of the school performance of their child.Government. They will be aware if the said program that they implemented is really effective in terms of education of the beneficiaries or not. And if they will bring out out that it will not improve the educational development of beneficiaries, they will think another strategies t hat will improve this program. School Administrators. It will provide selective information regarding to the academic performance of the beneficiaries.Scope and Delimitations of the StudyThe Study will be conducted in Antongalon Elementary School. It involves all the beneficiary of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program( Four Ps) as a respondent. The main purpose of this study is to identify the Effect of Four Ps Program to the Academic Performance, and its Significant Effect in relation to the Health Condition of the beneficiaries. This is to give us information if the said program is really effective or there are positive or negative changes to the academic performance of the beneficiaries.Definition of Terms To understand better the terms to be used in the study, the following terms will defined operationally. Academic Performance. This term refers to describe things that relate to the work done in schools. Family Size. This term refers to describe the number of household members. H ealth and Condition. This term refers to describe healthy lifestyle of the beneficiaries wether they live in a Healthy environment or not. Nutritional Status. This term refers to describe the state of the Four Ps beneficiaries health in terms of the nutrients in his or her diet. Parents Monthly Income. This term refers to describe the average earning of an individual in a month. Socio Economic Status. This term refers to describe the index that the beneficiaries are or is not economically disadvant immemorial based on his or her parents or family incomeChapter 2REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREThis chapter presents the review of link literature and studies which serve as orientation of the writer to the different concepts, theories, methods, and treatments of the areas explored in the study.Related LiteraturePoverty remains a big challenge for the Philippines. Income poverty in the Philippines has generally declined since the early 1990s. From 33.1 percent of the population being poor in1991, the share of poor Filipinos was brought down to 24.9 percent in 2003. In recent days, however, there was a reversal in this trend. Latest official poverty estimates show that poverty has increased since 2003. In 2009, the share of the poor population, or those who are unable(p) to meet their basic food and non-food needs, was estimated at 26.5 percent (NSCB, 2011). In addition to income poverty, human development outcomes especially in education and health care lagging. lead(a) education is still far from universal go maternal mortality and child malnutrition are among the highest in East Asia and Pacific region (NEDA, 2010). This happened despite the historically high record of economic growth in 2000 until 2010, which have raged 4.7 percent annually versus 2.4 percent of the two decades before. This suggests that, on aggregate, the poor have notbenefited from growth. ( Velarde & Frnandez, 2011)The curb capability of Filipinos to manage shocks slows the pace of reduci ng poverty. The failure of poverty to decline in 2009 was attributed mainly to the impacts of various c jump outs that affected many Filipinos in 2008 and 2009, which include the food and fuel crises, the global financial crisis, and the disaster brought about by typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng in late 2009.The 2009 national household survey revealed that about 9.4 percent of the population, or about 8 million Filipinos, are living just above the poverty line and are at risk of falling into poverty when income shocks like these arise.2 The poor faces greater risks as they have limited government agency to cope. Surveys show that the poor were indeed disproportionately affected by recent shocks.3 In particular, it was found that the El Nio in early 2010affected 58 percent of the poorest households, half of whom depend on agriculture as their familys main source of income.The 2008 food crisis was also estimated to have increased the income shortfall of the poor from the poverty line by 1.3 percentage points, mainly because the poor are net consumers of rice (World Bank, 2008). Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 Ps) is the Philippine conditional cash counterchange program that aims to improve quality of life of the less fortunate family/families and end the cycle of poverty by investing a human capital. It is a program that leads by the DSWD Agency (Department of Social Welfare and Development) together with the DepED (Department of Education) and also DOH (Department of Health). This is a partner in crimeship between the two government agencies that aims to concoct jobs for people who are the beneficiaries of Aquinos Administration (Vecina 2013). The Pantawid Pamilya was launched in February 2008 with the first 330,000household beneficiaries (Set 1) and then scaled up in 2009 to cover another 320,000 households (Set 2).By April2011,theprogram has grown to about 1.9 million household beneficiaries and is slated for further expansion by the end of 2011 and 2012. To become eligible for the Pantawid Pamilya, a household needs to come across a uniform ensnare of criteria, which include (i) residing in program areas of the Pantawid Pamilya, (ii) being identified as poor based on a proxy means test (PMT), and (iii) having a pregnant woman or having at least(prenominal) one child below 15 years old at the timeof chronicle into the program ( Velarde & Fernandez, 2011). Since 2007, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) of the Philippines is the conditional cashtransfer program implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), along with cooperative partner institutions such as the Department of Education, Department of Health, Department of the Interior and Local Government, and various other government institutions. The 4Ps was patterned after the conditional cash transfer programs in Latin American and African countries which have been proven successful as a poverty reduction and social development measure (DSWD, 2011).The Four Ps program serves as the governments answers to the pressing issues regarding poverty. Calvo (2011) defines the CCT as programs that provide cash benefits to finance the basic needs and foster coronation in human capital to extremely poor households. These benefits are conditioned on certain behaviors, usually related to investments in nutrition, health, and education. The emergence of CCT (4 Ps) programs occurred during the late 1990s, with Mexicos innovative Progress program emerging as one of the earliest schemes in 1997. The evidences highlighting the effectiveness of Progress motivated a rise in similar programs across Latin America. Throughout the late 1990s and into the early part of the new century, CCT programs were implemented in Honduras, Brazil and Nicaragua. CCT (Conditional Cash Transfer or 4 Ps) programs are presently being implemented in several Latin American countries including Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, and several more.Indonesia an d Pakistan are only some of the Asian countries which employ the CCT programs as a major tool of their social policy. In general, these programs provide money and financial assistance to poor families under the condition that those transfers are used as an investment on their childrens human capital, such as regular school attendance and basic preventive health care. The main mission of most CCT programs is to prevent inter-generational transference of poverty, that is to say, investing in young children and providing them with the provisions necessary for better opportunities in the future. Being a conditional cash transfer program, beneficiaries receive grants when they comply with program conditions. The Pantawid Pamilya provides two types of grants a health grant of Php500 ($125) per household per month for 12 months and an education grant of Php300 ($7) per 6-14 year old child attending school (for a supreme of 3 children in this age range)for 10 months of the school year.6 H ealth conditions apply to pregnant mothers andchildren aged 0-5, while education conditions apply to children aged 6-14.A beneficiary household can receive a maximum health grant of Php6,000 ($143) and a maximum education grant of Php3,000 ($72) per child if it complies with the health and education conditional ties of the program100 percent throughout the year. Actual grants received by beneficiaries depend on their compliance to health and education conditions, which is regularly monitored through the Pantawid Pamilyas Compliance Verification System (CVS). Based on the latest CVS reports, childrens attendance to school and visits to health centers have been improving in 2010. In the last quarter of 2010, close to 80percent of children registered to receive the Pantawid Pamilya education grant complied with the program conditions, that is, they were present in school at least 85 percent of the time during that period. Compliance of children registered to receive the health grant im proved as well especially among Set 2 beneficiaries, although at a slower pace than education.The increase in compliance rates especially in early 2010 also reflects efforts made in updating beneficiary information. This ensured that schools and health centers where children go are correctly recorded in the system so that compliance is monitored properly and grants are paid accordingly ( Velarde & Frnandez, 2011). DSWD claims that the initial implementation of 4Ps has had remarkable results such as the prevention of stunting or where the height of a child is less than ideal for ones age due to poor nutrition. Another is that more women gave birth in hospitals and thus lessening the risks of maternal mortality and health complications for the new-born. DSWDs assessment, however, remains preliminary. (Somera, 2010) The underlying concept of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 Ps)s, is once individuals are healthy, better fed, and educated, they will be able to overcome poverty in the long run (Valencia, 2009).Related StudiesA study of (Mella.et.al,) tell that The 4Ps intend to provide the basis for this much needed equality by providing the poor people with the education that they could not access otherwise. Malnutrition, which is prevalent among extremely poor families, is also expected to decrease. Since it is a prime requirement for beneficiaries to avail of the health services being offered in their healthcenters such as pre- and post-natal services, vaccination, and periodical check-ups before acquiring their money grants, the health and nutrition of the poor families are safeguarded. Philippines Conditional Cash Transfer Program Impact valuation 2012 by (Chaudhury ,Friedman & Junko Onishi) found that Pantawid Pamilya is contact the objective of keeping children healthy, as evidenced by a reduction in severe stunting17 among poor children 6-36 months of age, which is expected to have long-term benefits.Notably, impact evaluations of CCT programs a round the world have not proven to reduce stunting at such early stages of program implementation, but Pantawid Pamilya appears to be an exception. The (First wave of the Impact Evaluation Survey, conducted in 2011) found out that enrolment in preschool and daycare was 70.3 percent among children three to five years old in Pantawid Pamilya barangays. This was 10.3 percentage points higher compared to children in non-Pantawid Pamilya barangays which only resulted to 65.0 percent enrolment. This pattern was also seen in the elementary school level wherein enrolment was higher by 4.5 percentage points among children six to 11 years old in Pantawid Pamilya Barangays than the non-program group baseline rate of 93 percent. These results were also consistent with higher school enrolment.(Carbayas, 2012) also stated that, the DSWD stressed that the 4Ps is a foreplay package for the poor intended as social investment rather than plain cash assistance, i.e. dole-out. Cash assistance is given to qualified families provided that the family complies primarily with the conditions set for health and education. Therefore, the 4Ps is not seen as the sole solution to poverty reduction, but the program should be seen on its ability to bring back poor children to get better education and a healthy life to gain dignity and prepare them for their future. (Mella,Osido & Suing) conclude that the 4Ps is a good example of strengthening the governments capability of distributing the countrys resources to those who are extremely in need.It is undeniable that there are many poor households that will benefit from the said program, and that the program covers the basic needs. Likewise, the governments effort in making the countrys educational and health services system inclusive is a capacious step towards social mobility and equality. This studies and theories will help us to provide an ideaabout our study. It will give us more information on how Four Ps affect the development of benefic iaries in terms of education. It will serve as our guide and basis of our study.Chapter 3RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThis chapter includes the research methodology, the research locale & the population of the respondents of the study, the research instruments, data gathering, scoring and quantification of data and statistical treatment.Research DesignThe descriptive research method through the questionnaire as the data gathering instrument will be utilized in order to seek answers to the problems being imposed in the study. It is descriptive, because it will seek to determine the effect of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino (Four Ps) program to the academic performance of beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary School, Antongalon Butuan City .Research LocaleThe study will be conducted at Antongalon Elementary School during the School Year 2014-2015. This school is located in the small barangay of Antongalon, Butuan City. This school is 1.5 kilometers from the barangay of Ampayon, and can be reached through a jeepney ride from Butuan City.The Population and Respondents of the StudyThe population of the study is composed of the selected pupils who are four Ps beneficiaries in all grade levels of Antongalon Elementary School. There are 73 beneficiaries overall. Since there are only few pupils, a universal try out was used in the study.Sampling DesignThis study will use the purposive sampling design in which the researchers selected the respondents who will still engage and current participants to the program.Research InstrumentsA survey questionnaire will be used to gather the data on the profile in terms of age, sex, family size, and parents monthly income of the beneficiaries. This questionnaire has two types, the first type is the respondents profile and the second type is for their perception when they become a Four Ps beneficiary. The child questionnaire will be classified according to its trend of indication The researchers will sent a letter to the principal of Antongalo n Elementary School requesting permission for the conduct of the study. Once the permission will be granted, the administration of the questionnaire will then be set. On the day set data gathering act, the researchers will personally gave an orientation to the pupils about the nature and purpose of the study. Then the questionnaire will be given and retrieved after the alloted time.The data obtained will be tallied, analyzed and interpreted.Scoring and Quantification of the DataFor the purpose of interpretation, the data will be quantified using the following scalesTable 2. Scaling of the Students ProfileStudents ProfileStatistical treatmentThis study will be use the frequency, percentage, weighted mean, correlation, and t-test statistical tools in analyzing the data gathered from the respondents. The frequency that will be used to determine the profile of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four Ps) beneficiaries in terms of age, sex, family size, and parents monthly income. The s pearman correlation will be used to determine the relationship between the Four Ps program and the Health and condition of beneficiaries with the formula h(Where r is the correlation valuex- is the independent variabley- is the dependent variablen- is the number of respondents1 and 6 are constantThe t- test will be also utilized to determine the acceptance and rejection of hypothesis with formula shown belowWhere t is the test relationshipy- is the correlation1- constantObservations of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the field (Chin,2013)http//blogs.adb.org/blog/observations-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-fieldsthash.qH0LzncW.dpuf) Overall, Pantawid Pamiliya is on track to achieve its objectives of promoting investments in the health and education of children while providing immediate financial support to poor families as highlighted in a recent impact evaluation by Chaudhury et al. (2013) funded by AusAID in coordination with DSWD, World Bank, and ADB. take hee d more at http//blogs.adb.org/blog/observations-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-fieldsthash.qH0LzncW.dpuf Retrieved May 06, 2013 Conditional Cash Transfer Programin the Philippines Is It Reachingthe Extremely Poor?(Reyes&Tabuga)http//dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps1242.pdf 4Ps is expected to increase practice of health services among the poor as theadditional cash they receive will help cover costs and improve nutritional status ofchildren through increased household income and various counselling and monitoringcomponents of the 4Ps.Overview of the PhilippinesConditional Cash Transfer ProgramThe Pantawid Pamilyang PilipinoProgram(PantawidPamilya)(Fernandez&Olfindo,2011)http//wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000426104_20120611115455/Rendered/PDF/694220BRI0P1180of0 Pantawid0Pamiliya.pdfFor the education grant,the conditionalities help improve the enrollment and schoolattendance rates of children. Children who attend pre-school orday care centers, primary school, or secondary school are requiredto maintain class attendance rates of at least 85 percent per month. Overview of the PhilippinesConditional Cash Transfer ProgramThe Pantawid Pamilyang PilipinoProgram(PantawidPamilya)(Fernandez&Olfindo,2011)http//wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000426104_20120611115455/Rendered/PDF/ 694220BRI0P1180of0Pantawid0Pamiliya.pdf Nearly three years since its launch, the Pantawid Pamilya hasalready shown positive impacts on beneficiary households. Thecash grants increase the household incomes of the poor, while theconditionalities have helped improve the education and healthof their children. Anecdotal evidence shows that net education enrollment rates of children in beneficiary households have risen, andthe number of children who undertake de-worming at schools andavail of vaccines from health centers has also increased. RETRIEVED (May 2011)Education for the Poorest Children through Pantawid Pamilya (Formoso, 2011)http//pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/index.php/news/229-education-for-the-poorest-children-through-pantawid-pamilya 1,538,592 children beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in different parts of the country are expected to commence the School Year 2010-2011 successfully and level up to the next

AIDS: Impacts Escalate From Families to the World

The human being always poses interminable threats to humankinds health and well being. Famine, flood, earthquakes, war, terrorism, epidemics and natural disasters riddle our lives with tragedy. One of the to the highest degree terrifying of these killers rest silent and unseen even though it may lurk beneath the very skin of those individuals you hold dear most.This terrifying phenowork forceon has traveled throughout the world and has settled into even the most prosperous nations. Medical advancements, educational programs and government policies cod not had success in subduing the spread of this biological executioner. For over three decades, the support computer virus has run rampant across the globe.As meter goes on we see more transmission systems and fewer solutions to the ongoing problems this virus leaves in its wake. The assist virus has caused a great deal of substantial and devastating impacts worldwide. To dampen understand those impacts, a review of the viru s and its capabilities will reveal just what a powerful transmitting this microorganism causes.At first, the aid virus appears harmless. It does not bring about immediate impending death or even directly harsh and noticeable symptoms. Unlike that of the dreaded avian bird flu virus which killed several people in Asia with in a matter of days, the back up virus raise discin one casert a body for over a decade before death ensues.This happens as a end of the immune deficiency that assist causes in a body. The virus itself would not bring about deathrate, still for the fact that hampers its hosts immune system, leaving the person susceptible to veering other illnesses and disease. chronic illnesses can last for years, can reoccur constantly, and fin anyy can destroy the aid afflicted individual once their immune system has broken down to the point of no survival.In this respect unlike other transmittings AIDS slowly kills its host, and during that slow period of transition can render a person completely lost with other illnesses. This aspect of the disease has just as much impact on the world as the impending deaths that follow.The AIDS virus radiates itself through contact with body fluids. This means, blood, semen, saliva and other body fluids vex the potential to infect others. Unprotected sexual intercourse has most often received the blame for transmission, or perhaps most often gets popular media coverage.Similarly, AIDS transmission also occurs like wildfire among drug users who contract the virus using contaminated hypodermic needles. Sadly enough, cases in which a mistaken blood blood transfusion held the virus has also caused infection. AIDS also passes from mother to unborn child. So if the mother incurs the infection antecedent to giving birth, her child will likely have human immunodeficiency virus as well.Unfortunately the threat of contracting AIDS increasingly impacts the world as lack of funding and education lead to misinformed p opulations.While there exist aesculapian treatments for individuals afflicted with AIDS, the treatments only subdue the symptoms of the virus for a time rather than eradicate the illness completely.The aesculapian world has had considerable trouble controlling the AIDS virus and formulating a vaccine for it because of, the ability of a virus to transplant its genetic structure, which, in turn, changes the very proteins in the envelope that would be targeted by a vaccine.Exactly why some viruses shift so drastically and the AIDS virus seems to be able to change its colors as fast as the classic chameleon of the viral world, the flu virus is undecipherable (Langone 150).As the previous statement explains, the rapidly mutating virus makes it nearly impossible to replicate the correct variables for an effective antibody. This impacts the world leaving the medical field at a harm for answers and people at a loss for cures.More personally, the AIDS virus impacts families just about the world. When men of the family incur the virus, they most likely will unknowingly transmit it to their wives as well. Men, who act as the predominant financial supporters of the household find their health and their ability to proffer for their loved ones failing.When the patriarch cannot work and bring home finances the family may find itself sliding into poverty. in particular if healthcare providers learn of the mans illness and refuses to pay the vastly incremental costs that the infirmity can accrue over time.So, as the men of families contract and struggle with the affliction, the rest of the family feels the impact and subsequently as we shall see so does the rest of the world.Women feel just as much impact from the AIDS virus and possibly more. If their husbands have unknowingly contracted the virus, chances are that wives will then incur the infection from their spouses. In some cases women in this situation may conceive children which will also have the virus upon birth. Women feel a great impact from the AIDS virus since they act as the primary caregivers of the family.Time played out at home caring for an ailing husband leaves them unable to find financially productive jobs in the community (On the Socioeconomic shock of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic). Mothers afflicted by the AIDS virus will eventually fade like their husbands, and in doing so leave their unaffected children as orphans. The impact of AIDS in this regard has a devastating impact on the individual families as well as the world.Similarly, as mentioned above, children can feel the most severe impact of AIDS in their lives. As parents weaken and families fall deeper into poverty, children find themselves without care givers and the basic needs for food, shelter and safety go unfulfilled. If the children have contracted AIDS from their parents upon birth, they too face the impending doom as the virus ravages their immune system.Over all the effect on children can be seen as, AIDS is de cimating entire generations of productive young adults, succession leaving behind a huge cohort of children without parents and adequate community support, vulnerable to exploitation and lack education and livelihood opportunities (On the Socioeconomic Impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic). This impact of AIDS on children has impounding world wide impacts as will later be discussed.Lastly, elders in the family who have not contracted the AIDS virus also feel the impact as the affliction ravages young family members. Grandparents must often take in their orphaned grandchildren. If the elders have lost their health and capabilities, they often number on the help and financial support of their children.With AIDS destroying their offspring, it also destroys their caregivers and financial support for health and medical needs as well. In this respect, AIDS impacts both ends of the age spectrum, both the very young and the elderly. either of these familial impacts have been felt by humans worldwide.In relation, we have seen how the AIDS virus tears by families and impacts all persons of the family. These impacts further compound from individual families, eventually reaching out and affecting entire populations. The mortality rates of AIDS affect areas obviously increase. As both young children and adults die from their AIDS bring forth illnesses.Also, the average life expectancy of individuals drops drastically in these populations, due to the fact that AIDS transmission most often occurs in children and young adults. As stated by the article, On the Socioeconomic Impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic, AIDS kills people mostly in the 15-49 year age group.This age range of incurred infection leads to a drop in years of life as younger people die of the virus well before the normal projection of life expectancy. For example, By 2005-2010, average life expectancy at birth in the 11 worst affected countries is projected to abate to 44 years. instead of acclivity to 61 year s as projected in the absence of the disease (On the Socioeconomic Impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic).Lastly, due to the fact that AIDS affects persons in their reproductive years, a decrease in child bearing ensues, leading to population decline in afflicted nations around the world.Over all the AIDS virus has caused a great deal of substantial and devastating impacts worldwide. Men, who act as the financial backbone of the families fall ill and can no longer provide for their families needs. The women often spend time caring for their ailing husbands rather than obtaining jobs for needed income.The women and children can also unknowingly incur infection from the men of the family. Children and elders who are not affected find themselves without care givers and financial supporters. All of this adds up to leave nations around the world with increased mortality rates, lower life expectancy rates and fewer birthrates.Also of importance to nib are the economic impacts felt around the w orld as labor force declines the individuals affected can no longer work. Families as well as nations slide into poverty when they cannot produce the food or materials needed due to lack of human resources.

Learning and Memory Essay

If mavin were to explain what it is to develop something recent, they would truely mention storeho work show up somewhere in their explanation. As well as if someone was to explain memory, they certainly would gravel reading mentioned in their explanation. This is beca drop tick offedness and memory go hand in hand. When one learns, they store what they learned in their memory whether it is short name or long term. It would go with come to the fore saying that memory and learning has to do with the hit, hence the importance of keeping ones encephalon functioning puritanically by insuring proper stimulation and continuously learning new things.Now, the ability to learn and to memorize what is learned stems from different aras of the intelligence. The brain is a part of an individuals neuroanatomy. Neuroanatomy refers to the structure of the sickish outline. The nervous system is made up of different parts. Those parts are broken up by having the main one be the nervo us system, and past it is divided by the central nervous system brain and spinal cord on one end. The other ends are much more complex and, consist of the peripheral nervous system which then branches off to other ones.These each control different parts of the nervous system and fail the ability for people to sleep, eat or learn. The part of our nervous system that pertains to learning is the brain. The part in the brain that helps with learning is called the hippocampus. The hippocampus is in the limbic system. It is the part of the brain where the learning that people do in day to day flavor takes place. Learning is a neurobiological that is master(prenominal) to valets and being able to be conscious.The communication that happens between singular neuroanatomical structures and their abilities to repeat neurophysiologic activities is combined as a ne twainrk of neural activity. These things die in the cortex and create different types of learning for people. The movement tha t is ongoing changes in the synaptic area of the nerves. These active activities authorize the synaptic connectors stronger with the result of the continuous activity and then this creates memories that help an individual learn and remember what they have learned.It has been taught that learning is non singled out to one certain area of the brain itself. The cerebral cortex is where all the learning is. When a person is learning to read, walk, or talk it occurs here. One of the some(prenominal) different neural bringes involved in learning is the synaptic inputs that occur in the brain. When a synaptic input in a certain neuron is combined with two different synapse then it creates a long term depression or a long term printed memory, this is something that occurs and has been known to create learning involved with motor skills.Learning is mainly either a process that one learns through the brain with the use of classical conditioning and also instrumental conditioning. Our brai ns respond to the m each different things that are in a humans surroundings. In the process of a humans learning new things is by the development of a neuron and its effectiveness to make new synaptic connections or reinforcing the strengths of the neurons that are already in place. The relationship between learning and memory has been a subject of much debate among psychologists, teachers, and society in general for m all years now.It is what we learn and how we learn it that is responsible for how we live in the world and how we deal with the world around us. Learning has been a primitive part of our survival ever since Cro-Magnon man. He/she had to learn how to make spears, sharp points, even mastering the scrunch up and arrow was important to the survival and the spread of the human species. Why, though, if humanity has so much experience in learning, then why do we forget things? The brain is the organ that is responsible for what we call the mind.It is the basis for thinking , feeling, wanting, perceiving, learning and memory, curiosity, and behavior. Memory is a fundamental mental process, and without memory we are capable of nothing but saucer-eyed reflexes and stereotyped behaviors (Okano, 2000). Both the brain and memory are responsible for our learning. The brain assists us in reckon out a root to the problem and to solve it. Our memory is responsible for storing that information within our brains in case we ever need it for a later date, or if we ever need to apply it to other problem which is similar.During this learning process, our brain is communicating with that section of our mind that is responsible for memorizing methods, actions, and procedures for finding a solution to a given problem. Since our memory is only a mental process and not a supercomputer desire the brain, it stands to reason that our memories need to recall different types of information using dissimilar methods. We define memory as a behavioral change caused by an exper ience, and define learning as a process for getting memory. According to these definitions, there are different kinds of memory.Some memories, such as those concerning events and facts, are available to our brain this type of memory is called declarative memory. However, another type of memory, called procedural memory, is not available to consciousness. This is the memory that is needed, for example, to use a previously learned skill (Okano, 2000). When someone is learning something, they assume that they are acquiring the cognition to write a paper or to build a chair. Actually, all a person is in truth doing is creating memories for them to recall the information.While we are in the process of creating these memories, our brains are at work in find the best ways to store them in our memories. This might be learning a piece of unison by only playing the 3rd or 4th notes, or by building a chair by starting with top first instead of the bottom. Each persons brain is different from another person so each method of memorization would be different. This theory has been proved using animals that work together. For instance, one taxonomic group of birds, the oscines or true songbirds, all learn to sing by imitation.To produce biologically functional songs, they need to hear examples of species songs during development, which they commit to memory. They subsequently sodding(a) their song performance by ear and are capable of using both memorized material as well as songs of birds they can hear to produce an acceptable species song (Okano, 2000). Birds, and other animals, have shown that they use memory in order to learn a skill or to work together to arrive at a common goal or result. The ability to apply the right knowledge effectively is an important skill and the cornerstone of our success, because we live in the Knowledge Age.People who have not used a computer in 10 years to find an article on the Internet definitely meet strength of knowledge and lea rning. Learning develops interesting people. Knowledge enables us to have different perspectives, fascinating discourse and a deeper understanding. It makes us well rounded better people it allows us to make better, informed decisions and assists us in becoming more successful in our lives and careers. Technology has made our lives become lush paced the emanation of technology has boosted the pace of our lives, and requires us to learn something new each day just to stay menstruum in the workplace.The days on-the-job training is something we can no longer rely on companies can no longer be the basis to provide the necessary education. We must seek out more education just to keep up. Its advantageous for everyone to make time for learning, seek out their own opportunities, use available resources wisely, and find new resources. Our children are a good example of how fast technology has attachd the need for learning. They our learning how to use technology much earlier than we ev er did, it seems manage they are born with the ability to operate a computer.Brain stimulation can help with Parkinsons disease, chronic pain, Major depression, and Tourette syndrome. Stimulating the brain helps to relieve symptoms of these conditions when medications are not working or have major side effects. The stimulation can help people with Parkinsons disease to manage their symptoms of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. Brain stimulation has produced impressive results with some patients with chronic pain, some patients are virtually pain surrender after treatment and even released from the hospital.Brain stimulation has been found to significantly decrease depression and increase in function. Although highly experimental, brain stimulation has had success. Patients experience reduction in tics and the disappearance of obsessive-compulsive behaviors. lifelong learning and brain stimulation helps to manage and relive a symptom which increases life long evity and prime(a) of life for the patients. Patients who continue to learn and stimulate their minds increase life longevity and quality of life because they are able to eliminate medications which can have very harmful side effects.These medications can actually ignore life and decrease quality of life because of the side effects. Taking medication out of the treatment of any kind will always increase life longevity and quality life. Most of all any time a patient is able to manage and relive symptoms, their life longevity and quality of life will have a great increase. As must as society tells us our material up keep is so important for our health and life longevity, it would seem keep care of our brain is just as important as well.The brain is a muscle, and it is a part of our nervous system. It controls our breathing, eating, learning, memory, and so much more. Keeping care of our brains allows an individual to learn, remember things, and increase their life longevity as wel l. It would not seem that is keeping up on learning and remembering what we have learned will make us live longer, however this is how this muscle is exercised It can also help control and care for ones mental defects as well. It would seem, no matter what someone is wanting to believe, learning is never undoneREFERENCES Fernandez, A. (2011). Brain Health Business Grows With Research and Demand. Retrieved from http//www. sharpbrains. com/blog/2008/05/20/brain-health-business-grows-with-research-and-demand/ Lopez-Hernandez E. and Solis, H. (2012). Proceedings of the National Academy of utilise Sciences. Retrieved from http//www. pnas. org/content/97/23/12403. full Okano, H. (2000). Learning and memory. Retrieved from http//www. pnas. org/content/97/23/12403. full Pinel, J. P. J. (2009). Biopsychology (7th ed. ). Boston, MA Allyn and Bacon.

Pinkerton’s Detective Agenc Essay

Pinkerton (A) modern one afternoon in November 1987, Tom Wathen, sole owner and CEO of calcium Plant aegis (CPP), sit down in his office staring at two financing plans. Wathen was trying to decide whether or not he should cast up his $85 billion press out to purchase Pinkertonsthe legendary credentials bind firmlyfrom its current owner, American Brands.On the previous day, Wathen had been told by Morgan Stanley, American Brands enthronization banker, that his bid of $85 million had been rejected and that nothing less than $ degree Celsius million would be accepted. While Wathen was uplift at still being in the deal, he had a problem. CPPs circuit board of directors had reluctantly clear the earlier $85 million bid and were sure to balk at a $ atomic number 6 million bid. Wathen desperately precious to misdirect Pinkertons, only when was not sure how much it was worth or how to pay it. Wathen knew he had to act now or miss this unprecedented growth opportunity and pr obably his depart chance to be one of the industrys biggest players.The Security Guard IndustryThe earnest contain industry had two segments (1) proprietary vindications and (2) distill obtains. While both types of guards performed similar services, a proprietary guard was an employee on the payroll of a non security measures firm. Contract guards were rented from specialist suppliers like Pinkertons, CPP, Wackenhut, and Baker Industries. The historical growth of the contract guard segment of the industry was cod in part to companies concluding that they gained operating flexibility by contracting out their security needs as opposed to managing their own security operations. By ripe 1987, security guard services was a $10 billion industry growing at 6% a year. But the industry was also mature, fragmented, and price-competitive. As a result there was an ongoing class toward consolidation at the expense of sm eitherer, local guard companies whose employees were often imperfec tly screened andpoorly trained.PinkertonsThe security guard industry began in 1850 when Allan Pinkerton founded the Pinkertons Detective Agency. The firm gained fame in the nineteenth century with its spare-time activity of such outlaws as Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. In the film portrait of that pair, Paul Newman repeatedly asks Robert Redford, Who are those guys? Those guys were Pinkertons men and women. Pinkerton ran his firm until he died in 1884. The company was then headed by four generations of Pinkertons until the familys rule ended in 1967 with the death of Robert Pinkerton. Adam S. Berger (MBA 91), prepared this case under the supervision of Professor Scott P. stonemason as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or unproductive handling of an administrative situation.American Brands, the $5 billion consumer goods companywith steel names such as Lucky Strike cigarettes, Jim Beam bourbon, Master locks, and Titleist golf ballspur chased Pinkertons for $162 million in 1982. American Brands make the acquisition in order to expand the service side of its business and because it saw the Pinkertons brand name as a owing(p) addition to a companyof great brand names. The Pinkerton family change the company to American Brands because they matt-up the industry was becoming extremely price-competitive and therefore the company needed a strong parent to compete and grow. In 1987 Pinkertons was among the largest security guard firms in the United States, with sales everyplace $400 million, 150 offices in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, and a particular strength in the eastern United States. Exhibit 1 gives selected pecuniary data for Pinkertons.California Plant ProtectionWhen Wathen bought CPP in 1963, the firm had 18 employees and revenues of $163,000. By 1987, Wathen had built CPP into a $250 million security guard company with 20,000 employees and cxxv offices in 38 states and Canada. Exhibit 2 gives selected financial data for CPP. Wathen built CPP with his consummate marketing skills and the out field of operation of differentiating the firm with employee screening and continual training. CPPs expansion was aided by the explosive growth of Californias economy and because the bigger, more established East chute security guard firms had ignored the westbound Coast.While Wathen was the sole owner of CPP, he had a board of directors that he used as advisors. The board had three members Albert Berger, James Hall, and Gerald stump spud. Berger was an entrepreneur, COO of an electrical connector firm and a CPP director since 1975. Hall was an attorney, a former vice president of MCA, the former California Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, and a CPP director since 1976. Murphy was president of ERLY Industries, a director of several companies, and a CPP director since 1975.CPPs Acquisition of PinkertonsWathen wanted to buy Pinkertons for several reasons. First, he had always had the goal of creating the largest firm in the security guard industry, and the acquisition of Pinkertons would put him in a virtual tie with Baker Industriesa subsidiary of Borg Warner and the largest provider of contract guard services. Secondly, Wathen had been convinced for some time that American Brands was mismanaging Pinkertons and destroying a great brand name with its price dodging. In October 1987, American Brands announcedit had decided to sell Pinkertons because the security guard firm no longer fit into Brandss long-range business strategy.Upon thisannouncement, Jerry Brown, CPPs secretaire and general counsel, recalls, Tom Wathen called me in and from that moment I knew he was going to do whatever it took to buy Pinkertons. Tom was always hung up on being the largest, and on Pinkertons name. Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, was to represent American Brands in the sale and the bidding promised to be hotly contested. A labor movement force of senior managers was right away formed to prepare CPPs bid which they knew, given the time pressures of the sale, would not have the benefit of capable preparation.The task force believed there were three ways CPP could create value by acquiring Pinkertons. The around obvious source of value would come from consolidating the operations of CPP and Pinkertons by eliminating common overhead expenses such as corporate headquarters, support staff, and redundant offices. Second, the task force believed that significant improvements could be made in the management of Pinkertons net on the job(p) capital. The third source of value, and possibly a unique sagacity by Wathen and the CPP task force, was the Pinkertons name. They believed that, while the industry was highly price-competitive, the services of both Pinkertons and CPP could be successfully marketed under the Pinkertons name at a premium price. Specifically, the task force felt that even though higher prices could lead to reduced reven ue, the resulting improvement in gain profit margins, due to the marketability of the Pinkertons name, would be sufficient to result in greater crude profits.For example, thetask force believed that a premium price strategy would definitely reduce Pinkertons revenues since that firm had acquired a significant gist of business since 1985 using a low-price/high market-share strategy. The new pricing strategy would result in Pinkertons revenues shrinking, in a smooth fashion, to 70% of their 1987 level by the end of 1990 and then growing at 5% a year thereafter. But the task force was uncertain in its estimate of the strike of the new strategy on profitability. They expected that the new pricing strategy would improve Pinkertons gross profit margins from 8.5% in 1988 to 9.0% in 1989, 9.5% in 1990, and 10.25% thereafter. The task force further expected the new strategy to produce higher margins for CPP, increasing the projected operating profit from CPPs own business by $1.2 million in 1989, $1.5 million in 1990, $2.0 million in 1991, and $3 million in 1992.This increase in CPPs projected operating profit would be over and above that level that would otherwise have been anticipated in those years, and was expected to grow at 5% a year, in line with sales, beyond 1992. (Exhibit 3 gives a five-year forecast of CPPs net income and cash flow assuming Pinkertons is not acquired). However, the task force realized there was a distinct possibility that the new pricing strategy would have no impact on CPPs projected operating profits, and Pinkertons gross margins would improve to only 8.5% in 1988, 8.75% in 1989, 9.0% in 1990, and 9.5% thereafter. The task force was confident that, as a result of eliminating common overhead, Pinkertons operating expenses, as a percentage of sales, could be reduced to 6% in 1988, 5.9% in 1989, and 5.8% in 1990 and beyond. The task force was also confident that Pinkertons net set up and equipment could be reduced to 4% of sales and mai ntained at that percentage relationship for the foreseeable future.The task force was somewhat less confident in its estimate of improvements to the management of Pinkertons net working capital. This was due to concerns over the ability of CPPs accounting department to handle a much bigger and more geographically diverse operation. The task force expected that Pinkertons net working capital, as a percentage of sales, could be reduced to 8.6% in 1988, 7.4% in 1989, and 6.2% thereafter. However, if CPPs accounting department experient difficulties in integrating the two firms operations, then Pinkertons net working capital would remain at 9.5% ofsales.The idea of CPP acquiring Pinkertons was not universally popular. Most of the investment banks and lenders contacted by CPP expressed banish feelings about the potential acquisition, citing inadequate cash flow and weak market conditions following the dramatic partitioning of the stock market in the previous month. However, a represen tative of Sutro & Co., a prominent West Coast investment bank, indicated he was highly confident he could get financing for the acquisition from either Manufacturers Hanover arrogance Corporation or General Electric Credit Corporation. In addition, Wathen had some problems with CPPs board of directors. For example, Berger public opinion there would be obvious synergies in merging the two businesses, but that there was not sufficient management depth at CPP capable of running the unite firms.According to Berger, there was no COO, no CFO, no marketing manager, and nobody to handle the day-to-day details of operating a $650 million firm. The stand up thing CPP needed was growth, Berger argued. He felt the field people could handle a larger firm, but the corporate management could not. Nonetheless, the task force pressed on with their analysis of Pinkertons. In addition to current financial market conditions, the analysis took special notice of Wackenhut, the only publicly traded se curity guard firm. (See Exhibits 4 and 5.) Only 12 days after receiving the details of the salefrom Morgan Stanley, and with the reluctant approval of his board, Wathen bid $85 million for Pinkertons.Wathen did not receive a response to his bid for two weeks. Through his own network, Wathen knew other firm had bid more than CPP and that MorganStanley was negotiating with that firm. Wathen was disappointed that he might miss his last opportunity to be one of the biggest in the business. When Morgan Stanley finally called and told Wathen his $85 million bid was too low, and that nothing less than $100 million would be accepted, Wathen was elated that he had another chance to buy Pinkertons. But he surmise the reason Morgan Stanley had finally called him was that the other buyer had been unable to finance their higher bid.Financing a $100 Million BidIn a last ditch effort to improve his bid for Pinkertons, Wathen asked his investment banker to determine the options for financing a $1 00 million bid. The banker responded with only two alternatives. The first alternative came from an investment firm who would provide both debt and rectitude financing. The debt, in the amount of $75 million, would have a seven-year adulthood and an 11.5% interest rate. The loan principal would not be amortized prior to maturity, at which time the entire $75 million would come due. Finally, this debt would be a senior obligation and be backed by all the assets of the new combined firm.The equity, in the amount of $25 million, would be provided in exchange for 45% of the equity in the new combined firm. The second alternative was a 100% debt financing offered by a bank. The bank would lend $100 million at the rate of 13.5% a year. The loan principal would be amortized at the rate of $5 million a year for six years, with a final hire of $70 million at the end of the seventh year. Again, this loan was collateralized by all of the assets of the new combined firm.Under either financin g alternative, Wathen was very concerned about the required debt service. The new combined firms nonpublic, as well as high-leverage, status could make any cash flow problems over the next five years highly problematic. The task force also reminded Wathen that a $100 million purchase price would result in the creation of good will on his balance carpenters plane which would have to be amortized at the rate of $5 million per year for the next 10 years.1 Wathen sat in his office and prepared to make the biggest decision of his career.As an entrepreneur and an experienced security guard executive, Wathen was sure Pinkertons was a good buy. However, he had routinely relied on his board and other advisers forfinancial advice. His board had reluctantly approved his earlier bid of $85 million and was sure to balk at a $100 million bid. How could he justify a $100 million bid for Pinkerton, oddly in light of his earlier bid of $85 million? And if he was successful in convince the board, how was he going to finance the acquisition?