Post traumatic stress disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Post traumatic stress disturbance - Research Paper ExampleThe first public alert on the disorder was from the war veterans (Mueser, Rosenberg & Rosenberg, 2009). They spent so much time away from home, and when they came back home, they had persistent flashbacks. The flashbacks caused them to feel threaten wherever they were and could not trust anyone with their lives. Over the years, the disorder has recorded a rise and it has become a socio-cultural problem. The traumatic experiences like terrorist attacks, earthquakes, floods, kidnappings, rape, child handle, and many others have contributed to more victims suffering from the disorder (Cash, 2006). Statistics has shown that very in brief the disorder may be one of the major public health concerns (Cash, 2006). Changes in the modes of treatment ar therefore necessary to curb the growing menace.Over the years, the method used for the treatment of PTDS is only cogitate on the short-term treatment of the unsoundness (Steele, v an der hart and Nijenhuis, 2001). The formulation has not characterized the significant symptoms seen on the victims who have suffered prolonged mental afflictions. They are mainly attributed to repeated domestic or sexual abuse together with political torture. A substitute diagnostic formulation complex PTSD should replace the method of treatment. This treatment will ensure that multiple symptoms are treated, and it will deal with the long-term effect of the disease on the individual for them to heal completely (Steele, van der Hart and Nijenhuis, 2001). The current PTDS deals only with the treatment of case-by-case acute trauma and leaves out the bigger picture caused by multiple sources of trauma (Steele, van der Hart and Nijenhuis, 2001).Judith Herman, a professor of psychology at the Harvard, was the first person to propose this treatment. Her book Trauma and recovery accurately spells out how the treatment should be carried out using the complex PTDS. Most of the clinicians have been of the

Business Market analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Market analysis - look for ExampleFootballers ar one of the highly paid professionals in the world. In upstart years, soccer sedulousness has turned to internet marketing where they carry forbidden their marketing deals. Almost all the storied clubs in the world pitch opened web sites where they conduct their business. These sites ar visited by millions of fans severally and either day. tho there ar professional bodies which restrain opened up web sites although they dont own any clubs.As has been mentioned this industry is highly organized. In the world, the industry is headed by an umbrella organization called FIFA. This is the umbrella body which sets out rules under which the industry is to operate. FIFA is an umbrella body of continental soccer bodies. Then each and every outlandish has a body that regulate the have in the individual country although these country bodies can be brought together to form a lager regional body. The organization that manages foot ball in each country holds tournament in the country. Some of these leagues or tournaments are famous all over the world. phase modulation League in England is perhaps one of the most famous leagues in the world that brings in billions of pounds in returns. The La Liga in Spain is also very famous and brings in more dollars.As has been mentioned there are two kinds of website which carry out soccer business on the internet. One there is the club website. every(prenominal) the major clubs in the world have opened websites from where they conduct their businesses. In this category soccer clubs in England have some of the sites that are visited mostly by people in the world. Then there are websites which are operated by tournament like post-mortem examination League website of La Liga Website. These are also famous and are visited by many people. There are also websites which are operated by individual bodies which manages the sport like UEFA website, FIFA website, and other si tes which are run by bodies doing soccer business over the internet. Some of the sites which are visited regularly include the followingClub websites - Manchester United website (Manchesterunited.com), Arsenal website (arsenal.com), Real Madrid website, Barcelona website, Chelsea website, and othersTournaments website -UEFA website (Uefa.com), La Liga website, Premier league website (premierleague.com), and othersManaging bodies website - FIFA website (FIFA.com), FA website (FA.com), and othersOther soccer websites - 365 Media website (365mediagroup.com), UKSOCCER SHOP (www.uksoccer.com), English Soccer net, and others.Individual player sitesSome players have developed their own sites or have been included in other sites. E.g. thiery-henry.netHow the sites slay moneyThese clubs make a lot of money each and every day. Soccer websites are some of the most visited sites in the internet world today. They are mostly visited by youths who are fans of these clubs. It has been recorded tha t club websites are much visited on daily bases by the fans of those clubs who want to catch the recent results from the played games of catch up with the recent development in sports. The clubs have learned a way of keeping their fans glued to their sites by ensuring that they have a section where fans can interact with one another by posting their comments after every game. Apart from club websites, soccer tournaments

Please help me pick one Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Please help me pick one - Research strikeup Example19-21).The informal corporate culture of Google is one of the distinctive components that it provides for its employees as one of its motivating strategies for its employees. Google has emphasise through their corporate values and beliefs that employees must enjoy the challenges that they confront at workplace, rather coming low stress by the challenge (Google, 2004, pp. 14-15).Google has invested to provide the employees with additional services and relaxed environment as a technique of reward and benefit that they can enjoy and relax their minds in order to be productive at work. In this regard, the company provides with onsite swimming pools, snack rooms, cafs, gyms, onsite childc atomic number 18, and many other services. The primary aim of providing these services to the employees is to make them feel that they are valuable asset for the company (Hajdini, 2010, pp. 32-38).Another aspect of Google that cannot come under igno rance is the narrow management team. The careful leadership is structured in such a way that they provide the finest and predominate environment to the employees in order to have great ideas from them. Moreover, the leadership and management also motivate the employees with indwelling and extrinsic rewards and benefits and appraisals based on their performances (Hajdini, 2010, pp. 32-35).Google has believed in having dynamic and creative employees, due to which they initiated a policy cognize as Innovation Time Off as one of the motivating techniques that can encourage and puddle the employees to enhance their skills of innovation. This practice allowed the employees to work out and contribute some of their valuable time on the assignments that are of their interest. Since Google promotes their employees to think and implement outside the box, consequently, Gmail, Google News, Orkut and so forth are few of the invented new services by these creative engineers (Hajdini, 2010, pp .

Dippin Dots Managing Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dippin Dots Managing Strategy - Case Study ExampleThe community prefer to pack low-fat products that have the taste and the texture of the full fat deoxyephedrine glance over. The primary shoot for audience for any player in the crosspatch cream industry is children and youths of a county. The scenario is similar in the US. Technological development has a signifi flockt bearing on any product. The technology used for the manufacturing of the ice cream was cryogenic that was used in the process of freezing which is quite unique within the ice cream industry. Low temperature is required to store the product in order to uphold the consistency and integrity of the product. The climatic condition of a country can have a bearing on the cut-rate sale of the ice cream. In the US winter there is severe cold throughout the country, thus this can have a bearing on the ice cream sale. The United States Department of Agriculture along with the Kentucky Milk Advisory Panel has been entrusted to inspect the Dippin Dots plant in Paducah, Kentucky in order to ensure that the phoner is maintaining a high-quality standard. The threat of entry has been very high for the companies that operate in this market. Many modern competitors have entered the market producing a similar kind of products. Due to less involvement of government, the threat of entry has been high. thither have been several competitors of the Dippin Dots in the out-of-home ice cream market. The chief competitors are Ben & Jerrys, Haagen-Dazs, Carvel, Baskin-Robbins and Dairy Queen and the new entrants like Cold Stone Creamery, Magie Moos and Marble Slab Creamery (Prata, 2006). The overall suppliers in the ice cream industry encompass limited king if there are large chips of competitors. Bargaining power of suppliers in the case of the industry in which Dippin Dots operate is low, as there is a large number of suppliers who can provide almost similar kind of products to thebuyers.

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Compare and contrast - Essay ExampleIn the first stanza, the discussion holds his develop as she vomits in a bowl and then attended to cleaning and changing her clothes with the benefactor of his lover who is also the speaker.Since the strings were tied behind the back the speaker tried to remove the cover version from underneath the old woman and feared that her skin could tear off. This shows that the mother had become a mere lame and her condition was too breakable. When old age is referred to second childhood, it is justified and sometimes ironical too. The poet talks roughly the paper diaper, the fragility and all these could be attributed to the status of a baby Everythings so fragile here/a breath could break you. (Crozier, line 14-15)The poet and her lover are at a hurt and cannot really decide what to do. The mother who has once offered her milk to her son is now feeling shy when her son was undressing her. Despite the weakness she turns her face away and covers her breasts and the lover cracks a joke here, saying that he has take off many other women before and so she need not feel shy.The tubes and needles used here echo the medical treatment she was undergoing. The last two stanzas describe the poets feelings about his lover when she lies in rump besides him and what happens at the end of the day. The vision of tending his mother is so vivid in her fund that she almost smells him of his mother although he is washed. It seems as if she has licked him to prove to all the girls who lie with him that he is soothe his mothers son.The poet ironically talks of the old womans tongue and might be a little sarcastic in her remark, may be because her time for fun has been shared by the old woman and she puns on the actions of licking. We find the mammals licking their off springs in stead of bathing them and a woman may lick the man for the sake of lust. To some

Alejo Carpentier's A Kingdom of this World Essay

Alejo Carpentiers A Kingdom of this World - Essay ExampleBy virtue of its difference from Europe, lo objective maravilloso provides the promise of escape from the grip of colonialism. As his commentary about regionalist prose reveals, despite the distance he wishes to become between his work of the sixties and that of the thirties and forties, Carpentier did not abandon the aspiration that literature might in some manner reach the transcendental essence of things. The difference in his later novels, beginning with The Kingdom of this World, and more emphatically apparent in Explosion in a Cathedral, is that Carpentier acknowledges and exploits the baroque ironies that result from the writers repeated failures to identify unequivocally the check bitmeters of marvelous reality.The snail caracol was the mediator between evanescent, fugitive, lawless, measureless fluidity, and the land, with its crystallisations, its structures, its morphology, where everything could be grasped and w eighed.... Esteban reflected on how, for millenium upon millenium, the spiral had been present to the free-and-easy gaze of maritime races, who were still uncapable of understanding it, or of even grasping the reality of its presence. He was kayoed by this science of form which had been exhibited for so long to humanity that still lacked eyes to appreciate it sin ojos para pensarla.

Arbitrage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Arbitrage - Research Paper ExampleIn this case, the call price is $1.15 dapple the put price is $0.55. The stock price of the company does not pay any dividends. This shows that an merchandise federal agency does not exist for the firm. This is because the difference between the two prices is fairly small and the company already has the stocks at the exercise price (Chen, 2005). The time of expiry is only 60 days and the stocks can perform break down than if they were sold for immediate profits by the company. It would therefore get a loss in the farseeing term if arbitrage is exercised. The annual interest rate receivable by the company is a compute in calculating the value of the stock and given that it is 12% then the possibility of receiving prices above this when arbitrage is used is quite minimal. There are other costs that are involved when making a call such as the brokerage fees and taxes on capital gains, it is simpler to hold onto the shares and

Snowmobiles Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

rides - Research Paper ExampleAn interesting feature of a sled is the concomitant that it does not move on wheels. It has a long belt of rubber moving along the basis of its body which forms a track for the sled to move on. Beca substance abuse of this track the sled does not slip and steal in the snow as it provides it with sufficient grip to keep it in control of the rider (DuBois 30). Snowmobiles use large amount of gasoline to run (Mara 1998). Hence, their popularity was greatly reduced during the 1970s when the prices of gasoline reached sky high. instantly there atomic number 18 only four major manufacturers of rides Polaris, Arctic cat, Ski-doo and Yamaha (Mara 7). In snowmobilers parlance, these companies argon called grownup four (DuBois 7). These companies manufacture these vehicles for various shoot fors which could be for personal use like transportation or for racers. Snowmobile racing is a very popular sporting activity during the snow fall season in various c ountries. This can be seen from the fact that in North America alone there are to a greater extent than 3000 clubs for snowmobilers (Mara 7). Major countries where people enjoy this sport are US, Canada, Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The cost of snowmobiles manufactured for this specific purpose is twice the price of ordinary use snowmobiles. Brief history of snowmobiles Snowmobiles were born out of the need for gist of transport in snow covered areas. ... These were put to use for warfare in the World warfare II by the soldiers. Thus, though the early invention of this vehicle dates back to the 1920s, it was mostly utilize for usage and not for fun. It was only in the 1960s that the idea of using them in sports caught the fancy of the inventors (Sommers 12). Carl Eliason built his rootage hand made Motor Toboggan in a small garage. He patented this utensil in 1924. It was at that time made up of a long wooden sled and ply by 2.5 horse power engine which was attached on its oute r board. Bicycle parts were used to make the dual trail track and it also had a radiator to cool the motor when it overheated (Sommers 11). oer a period of 15 years Eliason sold 24 such vehicles, each one beingness different from the other. His major buyers were the hunters and utility workers (Sommers 17). The biggest order of these vehicles (150 of them) was from the US army during the World War II. However, after this steer period there was a slowdown in demand. By the 1950s, Canada became the production base for snowmobiles. However by this time, Eliason had a strong competitor, a superior quality product Ski-Doos which was invented by Joseph-Armand Bombardier and had taken over the snowmobile market with its unique design. This product had a design which still sets standards for todays snowmobiles. A flock of inventors started taking interest in finding better and more efficient designs and by 1972, there were more that 100 snowmobile companies operating in this business (So mmers 19). However, as mentioned earlier, today the big four are the major players in this arena after an intense activity of mergers and acquisitions over the past three decades. growth of the designs The earlier design of snowmobiles was that of a sleigh

Why did capitalism emerge as mature system in Britain Research Paper

Why did capitalism emerge as get system in Britain - Research Paper ExampleThe topic of capitalism was originally brought about by Karl Marx and his colleague Fredrick Engels, who were both historians and theorists. According to Marx, capitalism originated from the Western Europe, more specifically in England. This is reiterated by easy lay Weber, who describes England as the home of capitalism (Jean Baechler et al. 1988, p. 185). Capitalism in England can be traced from the sixteenth century which coincided with the agrarian revolution that was slowly taking place. Capitalism was, therefore, largely seen in the land ownership and agricultural work that characterized this revolution.During the sixteenth century, most parts of Europe were undergoing the Agrarian revolution. Typically, human beings engaging in agriculture in most parts of Europe were categorized into two main groups the people who practiced agriculture (peasants) and those who appropriated other(a) peoples parturi ency. In this arrangement, those who worked on the land (peasant farmers) possessed land and had access to what they produced on their farms. However, the appropriators of labor (who were either the State or landowners) controlled what these peasants farmers sold or remained with for storage. This surplus produce was taken from the peasants by usage of coercion which was carried out through various means such as judicial, military or governmental power. According to Marx, this kind of exploitation through direct coercion was referred to extra-economic means. This was, however, different from the developed capitalism where the farmers (producers) ar completely property-less, only relying on wages in transmute of their labor-power in working on landowners properties (Wallerstein 2011).In this kind of capitalist relationship between appropriators and producers, what mattered most were the markets and the forces involved in them. For example, markets determined what the appropriator s got in exchange

How the economy has affected the automotive industry Essay

How the economy has affected the automotive persistence - Essay ExampleMost of the automobile manufacturers are struggling hard in order to kick the bucket in the market. In 1990, Mexico exported around 180,000 vehicles, whereas in the first 11 months of 2002 manufacturers in Mexico have sent 1.23 one thousand million units abroad. (DeMarines) The growth of automobile industry was huge before the current economic recession starts. Not solo Mexico, the leading car manufacturers in Japan, the States and Germany were also recorded huge growth in their gross sales before the unexpected crisis began to affect the whole world.In November, 2008, U.S. sales for the Toyota, Lexus and Scion brands combined fell 33.9 percent year-to-date sales were down 13.4 percent in the United States, to about 2.1 million, according to Auto Data Corp. (Henry) Inside the 789 Chrysler showrooms to be cast aside, fear is starting to set in as dealers try to figure out what to do with expensive inventories that werent selling well (MSNBC.com) The proposed $ 700 billion bailout package especially to save the automobile industries in America from total destruction, is seems to be not enough as per the experts. GM and Chrysler announced last week to set down almost 2,000 retail outlets to bolster the survivors. Reducing competition from stores with the same brands is supposed to allow the remainder to emanation prices and profit, and to reinvest in their businesses (Merx) In their appeals to Congress, the U.S. automakers were short on accepting blame themselves, and long on blaming high hit man prices, the credit crisis and a global recession for the sales downturn and their economic dire straits (Henry)When we canvas all the above factors we can conclude that automotive industry is directly linked with the economy of a country. Fluctuations in economy will affect the automobile industries more than any other industries. Shift in policies and also the supply and demand of automobile s in

BADM grad assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BADM grad - Assignment ExampleThis is carried out either by making a proposal or provision of other options. Certain tasks are then touch down to corporate units where there is maximum experience. People with input tasks are later on pass along to offer applicable information through efficient decisions based on evaluation of facts, instead of facial expression for judgment on management.RAPID decision-making work can be used to clarify process tasks and accountabilities the trueness to the point the organization takes action. Good transaction judgment provides a grasp on the trade-offs in treaty with the roles and tasks of all workers in the organization. Roles and responsibilities create an awareness of the group that volition fulfill the decision of the organization. The RAPID model is best suited for decision-making teamwork, part the RACI model is best suited for implementation teams. The RAPID model will also focus more on the function of every member in the team while m aking the decision in order to entice the recruitment of more experienced people. The RACI model on purpose operates within execution plan to initiate numerous downstream decisions that surface frequently. Even though some(prenominal) decision-making models follow al principles concerning assigning of tasks and responsibilities, the high effect of the RAPID model calls for transparency around meaning(a) decision-making roles for all individuals in the team.The IOPT model is a simple instrument that determines that style to be used when creating answers to a survey. The evaluation of the IOPT model involves four styles and patterns. The Snowflake graphic, transparencies, your way table and Chickenpox are the styles employed by the IOPT models. The Snowflake graphic are templates that recognize features linked to different planned patterns. The patterns have been designed to lay individual groups profiles. These

Higher Education in Contemporary Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Higher Education in present-day(a) Society - Essay ExampleWith more and more businesses turning to overseas labor, the job market in America is suffering. We need a common that is educated and capable of contributing significant economic skills to the phylogeny of our systems and institutions. More competition in any given market means that candidates for personates need to be familiar and capable of ingenuity. As globalization spreads, jobs argon demanding more than primary education can offer a key factor in obtaining a intimately paying career path is obtaining some take in of higher(prenominal) education. Employees and applicants need to be ahead of the times, ready to interact with people of different languages and customs in a business manner and achieve victorful relationships. Entrepreneurial engagement is also most-valuable to a society, it allows for new markets to open up and eventually new jobs to come about. Higher education is essential to the success of any en trepreneurial business especially in todays rapidly growing marketplace.Another reason that higher education is so important today is the simple fact that without an educated public, democracy cannot thrive. Believe in or not those fancy schools and education institutions were founded in service to us as citizens of a rationalise country. They may fuss and moan about reputation and status but when you get down to it they are here to allow us the pursuit of knowledge. A pursuit that is not wholly a sympathetic right but also a civic responsibility The schools of a country are its future day in miniature. Tehyi Hsieh, a Chinese philosopher said that and has proven to be true. From the ancient Maya and Egyptians to the Greeks and Romans every outstandingly mightily and accomplished society has had a well developed education system. As funding for primary public education dwindles and its accomplishments seem less profound with every year, higher education may be our only option to pursue knowledge within an institutional setting. Aristotle said, To learn is a natural pleasure, not curb to philosophers but common to all men (Samovar, Porter, McDaniel, 2007 pg. 267). Let us uphold this idea and consist ourselves of well educated, adaptable and resourceful people.One small step for man, bingle giant leap for mankind Neil Armstrongs illustrious quote as he stepped onto the surface of the moon drives home my next point. Higher education is important in contemporary society because it is important for our country to push technological and scientific boundaries. In one year we made it from just breaking free of our earths atmosphere to landing on the moon and go successfully as the fist country to accomplish the task. America would never have been eligible for this position without higher education. With diseases like Aids and Cancer growing out of the control global warming fleshy to change life on earth forever and populations rising into the billions it is important more than ever for us to be experimenting with new ideas. We need to attempt to right some of the environmental wrongs we have done our planet we need to find alternative fuel sources and ask why our globe is heating up. The questions of why, where,

Point of view of the speaker in Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night Essay

Point of view of the speaker in Do not Go Gentle into that bully Night by Dylan Thomas - Essay ExampleThe first places diction has been purposefully chosen to make it a command. The second, third, fourth, and fifth stanzas are persuasive and advance the father to show his rage against the dying of the light (Thomas). In the sixth stanza, the poet requests his father to be his general self and scream and yell at him to signify his strength. The overall tone of the poem is an outcome of the lay down and diction lend oneselfd by Thomas. Thomas acknowledges the fact that life and death are interrelated by pairing gentle with rage, light with night, and dying with good. Nevertheless, Thomas has made use of such diction that allows him to place his emphasis on life instead of death. This can be estimated from his condescend use of the words like blaze, fierce, and green. Dylan Thomas is upset to see his other than robust and radical father become weak and blind in his eighties and t hus, persuades him to revert to life. whole shebang Cited Grimes, Linda S. Dylan Thomas Do Not Go Gentle. 20 Nov. 2006. Web. 10 July 2011. . Thomas, Dylan. Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night. n.d. Web. 10 July 2011. .

About the workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

About the workplace - Essay ExampleThis first impression clearly explains the culture of this organization. As an English instructor, my role in this organization is to perk up the standards of English in Alrashad elementary trail, action as a mentor, counselor and team builder. This is inclusive of my other roles apart from that of being a teacher in the classroom setting.With the departure of the manager, there has been perceptible communiqu breakdown in the school for about twain weeks. The environment, in this case, dramatic events a huge role in communication and co-existing behaviour among individuals. In this case, the absence of the school manager has resulted to communication failure since the orders do not come from a central organ as before.Field analysis advise be applied for managing change in the school. This entails assigning dissimilar actions to various people in the school, since field scheme has been termed as a change tool. The dynamic field of the uncout h Alrashad elementary school is experiencing some minuses in terms of loyalty to the bosses. Change in the school can be achieved through the acting managers chairing meetings and briefs to constantly remind the staff that they are obliged to make their roles effectively. There is a need to sign lesson attendance sheets by the educators whilst the support staff will be required to sign in on the roles performed. Assigning each field a role to play means that they will have an objective to meet at the end of the day thus, field system allows for implementation of the goals and mission of Alrashad elementary school even without the managers command.Group dynamic theory can be applied in the case of Alrashad elementary school with the absence of the manager for twain weeks. On the other hand, it is evident that Alrashad elementary school is a social group that encompasses group dynamics. An application program of the group dynamic theory would be useful

Leadership Plan to Facilitate Prof. Dev. focusing on BrainSMART Essay

Leadership formulate to Facilitate Prof. Dev. focusing on BrainSMART strategies - Essay ExampleSome of the pass exercises that is necessary for people at different facets of life facing different problems are also discussed.Brain teaching system has bring about an important tool in the hands of educators for subjoind professional phylogeny of the students. Through this system iit is thinkable to improve concentration, participation, social skills, language ability, ability to express ideas eyc could be improved a lot. In modulate to use this system, the educators have to be properly trained and should agnize the concept behind this. But well-nigh of the educators are unaware of this fact and many of them would not like the idea of connecting this to the lesson plans. Research has revealed that it is possible to increase the levels or scores of the student by incorporating this system into the class room instructions.( Chiappetta, 2009).Leadership is a quality, which could b e developed by proper brain exercises. This is a quality that require tremendous ability to communicate, understand emotions of the people, control ones own emotions, social interaction, skills for speech and to get the attention of audience. The success in this aspect depends on how brain is processing the intelligence and through proper brain exercises it is possible to improve IQ of a person and thereby his leadership ability (Dickmann & Stanford-Blair, 2002)The brain research has started in full swing afterward the innovation of technologies for electroencephalograms, positron emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging etc, which have enabled scientists around the terra firma to understand the changes that are taking place in the brain at each and every moment. The brain exercises have been perfected based on such studies and therefore are reliable. A person, whether he is a student or an employee at a lower level or a business executive, he could benefit a lot from brain exercises (Dickmann & Stanford-Blair, 2002). The overall advantages of doing brain exercises could be summarized as follows (Bailey, 2009). It would increase the possible of the brain by improving the span of attention, increase social skills and improve social behavior and it would lose weight fight for power. so it would help in building bonds with people rather than disrupt it. Most of the psychogenic disabilities could be masked by brain exercises. Different students have different learning style. The teacher should give the students to adopt their learning style to learn. This is because a student who is learning in his or her own learning style would be able to learn better and the topic would be more meaningful to her/him (Conyers and Wilson, 2005, p.45). Thus it is very important that the teachers should understand how brain affects learning and incorporate their knowledge in the classroom so that the place would be regarded as a safe place by students and w ould lead to positive development emotionally and socially.There are five different learning styles for any student (Given, 2002), which should be mute by the educators for making them to learn more effectively. They are

Police Misconduct and Corruption Essay Example for Free

Police Misconduct and Corruption EssayPolice and bon ton January 31, 2013 Police Misconduct and Corruption In the early 1990s police viciousness had become ordinary police officers abused their powers and became brutal when dealing with offenders and even non-offenders. One infamous example of such barbarousness occurred in 1992 in Los Angeles when a black man named Rodney King was violently beat by tailfin officers for being black.The five officers repeatedly struck King as a few other officers stood by not paying any attention to the situation near by. Two of the five officers were later acquit which angered the black and Latino community around the world as did the videotape of the incident. This incident did nevertheless put more attention and awareness on the issue of police brutality. A few weeks afterwards the King incident, a drug scandal in New York erupted into another police brutality incident.This prompted an investigation on police degeneration by the Mollen Commission. The investigation found many occurrences of police abuses, including brutality, corruption, and perjury. A hundred before the Mollen Commission, in 1894 the Lexow Commission in New York discovered the same occurrences of police brutality. This shows that police corruption has been going on for many years and is continuing to happen now.Although the public less accepts police brutality now, it is believed that most police corruption is done underground or through legal loopholes. I overhear chosen to research Police Brutality because I find it outrageous that the people who swore to protect us cheat the law and use excessive force without reason. I am majoring in Sociology and Criminal Justice, so I am curious to learn about why officers feel the need to become brutal. Is it a lust of power? Im interested in learning about the sociology of police brutality.

A voice, a mystery Essay Example for Free

A voice, a mystery EssayWilliam Wordsworths To the twat and John Keats Ode to a nightingale ar comparable in many unlike aspects. The twain poems have striking sympatheticities and appear akin(predicate) to one a nonher. two poems are likely to be written in related styles twain(prenominal) Wordsworth and Keats wrote in the same era, and were both Romantic Poets. They are also both poets of similar stature and regarded to be of similar ability.They both talk of similar a subject matter, a bird that is personally special. There are parallels to be drawn, entirely there are also many ways in which the poems contrast. It becomes clear that both poets perceive and respond to their subjects rather differently, and that the poems differ in meaning, direction and quality. The nucleus of both poems is a bird, Keats writes of a nightingale and Wordsworth of a Cuckoo.Birds are very modest and insignificant creatures, yet both poets have employ them to extensively express emotion . To these poets their respective birds are extraordinary and important. Neither poet refers to one particular creature, but they both use the species of bird representatively. It is not their kindlyness for the bird as if it were a pet, a domestic animal, but their fondness of the free animal species that inspires them.It is important to acknowledge that although both poets, especially Wordsworth enjoy using adequate description, neither describes the physical appearance of the bird. They are both using the birds as metaphors, as symbolisations. Wordsworth pisss the bird an unseeable thing/ a voice, a mystery He does not see the bird, he can precisely hear it. This is to enhance the metaphorical strength of the bird. Keats similarly does not feel the need to describe the nightingale. Whereas Wordsworth does this to make his image more mystical and ambiguous, to Keats it does not matter what it looks like, it is the nightingales spirit he writes about.He talks mainly about it s manner and its ways. Wordsworth also makes the cuckoo seem more divine and more powerful by using Voice and Cry with capital letters. This makes the sound of the cuckoo personify the bird and what it represents. The cuckoo is not regarded as beautiful physically, so he chooses to show it and even call it by its voice, O Cuckoo shall I call thee bird, Or but a wondering Voice. Keats also points out the nightingales singing capacity, creating clunky and not only visual imagery, Singest of summer in full-throated ease. The way the two poets perceive and react to their subjects is where the two poets vary greatly. It is relevant that in Tintern Abbey, Wordsworth says the following Of eye and ear, both what they half create, And what perceive Both poets do follow this idea. They use imagination to expand on what they see and do so in different directions. The fact that Wordsworth does not see the Cuckoo means he can invent and expand greatly. Both poets are clearly partial to the bird s, but show different attitudes towards them.Wordsworth longs for the bird, he needs the bird and is fond of it. Keats insists he is not jealous, Tis not through envy of thy beaming lot, But being too happy in thy happiness However, he certainly shows contempt towards the bird and expresses an unhappy longing which borders on envy. In essence, the bird is part of Wordsworth. It is part of his past. He is yearning for his past so he longs for the cuckoo. The cuckoo is the symbol for his past. It is something he has left, something that has not changed. The same whom in my schoolboy days, I listend to

Business Communications Essay Example for Free

Business Communications Essay* Interim deadlines may be set by individual tutors * You must choose at least one of the two presentations referred to below in businesss 2 and 6. It is expected that the presentations will take place the week beginning twenty-first January.A summary of the judgment and Grading CriteriaIn order to pass this unit, the evince that the learner presents for assessment bespeaks to demonstrate that they stern meet all the discipline outcomes for the unit. The assessment criteria for a pass grade describe the level of deed required to pass this unit. Summary of the Edexcel Assessment and Grading CriteriaTo achieve a pass grade the reason must array that the learner is able to To achieve a merit the evidence must show that, in addition to the pass criteria, the learner is able to To achieve a peculiarity grade the evidence must show that, in addition to the pass and merit criteria, the learner is able to P1 Explain unlike types of line of product s instruction their sources and purpose. M1 Analyse the content of P1 D1 Evaluate the appropriateness of business information used to unsex strategic decisions. P2 Present complex internal business information using three different methods M2 exsert on P5 and offer an analysis of the legal and respectable issues D2 Evaluate the effectiveness of business information and its colloquy as key contributors to the success of an organisation, using examples to illustrate your points.Unit 4 Business Communications learning outcomes-1. Understand different types of business information2. Be able to present business information efficaciously3. Understand the issues and constraints in relation to the use of business information in organisations4. Know how to communicate business information using appropriate methods.AssignmentTask 1 Scenario You have applied for a caper in market communications working for Next plc (or some other organisation of your choice). Prepare a study entitl ed, An explanation, analysis and evaluation of different types of information sources and purpose. (P1, M1, D1). Please note that if you are aiming for a pass, you only need to write an explanation. If you are aiming for the merit you need to offer a detailed analysis and for a distinction you will need to demonstrate that you have evaluated your analysis e.g. look at the advantages and disadvantages of using various types of information sources. Task 2ScenarioYou have been successful in your interview and you have been offered the job of assistant marketing communications advisor. Working with some other member of the team, your first job is to prepare and deliver a 10 minute presentation on the subject of marketing research. This is to take place the week beginning the 21st January. Continuing to work with your partner, prepare a memorandum report for your supervisor, Jayne Koweleski, explaining the importance of competitor analysis, and design a press release for the general pu blic, informing them of the benefits of on-line shopping with Next. (P2)Task 3In a memorandum report to your supervisor write up an evaluation examining advantages and disadvantages of various types of business communications, in helping an organisation to improve its performance and be successful. Use a variety of examples to support your evaluation (D2).Task 4Working with someone else in your marketing communications team, produce two different examples of incarnate communications. One must be an advertisement for the press and the other a story board for a TV advertisement. This could be for NEXT plc or an organisation of your choice (P3).Task 5Prepare an evaluation of two different types of external business communication. One could be a TV advert and another could be a press release. Examine the communication methods and assess their strengths and weaknesses. In the conclusion of your evaluation betoken ways in which the different forms of communication could be improved (P4 ).Task 6Working with another member of the team, prepare and deliver a 10 minute presentation, the week beginning 21st January, entitled, judgment the legal, ethical and operational aspects of using business information. In your presentation include reference to the selective information Protection Act 1998, Freedom of Information Act 2000, The Computer Misuse Act 1990, backing up stored information, security of information, health and safety and organisational policies. (P5, P6).Task 7Write an essay entitled, An analysis of legal and ethical issues facing modern business. (M2)Task 8Prepare a training session for your colleagues on how to effectively communicate business information. Include in the session understanding the audience (e.g. gender, expected attentiveness), the use of soundbox language, verbal communication, listening, formal and informal communications (e.g. Meetings) written communication (memorandum), visual (e.g. the use of flow charts, graphs and pictures) elect ronic communications (e.g. e-mail) (P7).

How Golding Uses Symbols in Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

How Golding Uses Symbols in Lord of the move EssayWilliam Goldings book, Lord of the Flies (published in 1954) tells the story of a group of sons, who ar stranded on an un live onn island, when their plane crashes. On the surface, it is an evoke story of how the train English boys, during their time on the island, gradu entirelyy lose their veneer of respectability and bonny demeanor and devolve to the basest and b arest form of cosmos. Eventually, the boys al more or less entirely shake by the civilisation of the world they erstwhile knew. If we scratch beneath that surface, what we realise is a much much complicated observation of society, laden with corporeal, philosophical and religious symbolisms. Indeed, the superb use of symbolism in the book is adept of the contri stilling concomitantors to the profundity of the book.The symbols that support step to the fore the roughly are the conch the gradual destruction of the island Piggys specs excite, and how i t is used and the puppet, or the Lord of the Flies (another name given to the bait), the crucial symbol, used through turn up the book. All of these pull up stakes be looked at into more detail, and, similarly, whether the puppet is real or a physical manifestation of the boys fears, as well as the key comment that it is the evil which resides within man, will also be discussed.First, is the conch. This is the shell, which is discovered by Ralph and Piggy, and is used to follow power, license and rules. From the in truth first time it is menti whizd, Golding describes it as pretty and a worthy plaything. It is, corresponding perpetuallyything else on the island, a simple and innocent object and immediately afterwards, it becomes something so precious, cod to its apparent beauty.Also, in the beginning, it is a mere utility Piggy suggests that, when blown, it would be able to rally the other boys, scattered around the battleground of the crash, to gift a meeting. The fac t that it is used to call already highlights its importance in the book, as it has s results. The sound is, as Jack later says, like that of a trumpet, using the metaphor of summoning the boys it has an control all on its own. By the time of the abutting meeting, in the afternoon of that same day, Ralph, now take leader, decides that it will be used during meetings, where plainly the individual with it may speak.Ill give the conch to the next someone to speak. He can hold it when hes speakingAnd he wont be interrupted. Except by me.Rules have been established, and the conch is at the centre if them, so it, now, is the means of putting across ones feelings and/or beliefs. Naturally, e very(prenominal)one agrees, including Jack. Golding puts this into the book, commenting on mans need for rules within a society, and a code of behaviour, thus demonstrating what the conch represents. As well as these, it also symbolises democracy and eject talk in our modern society, one of t he few po perplexive statements on humanity within the book, in the fact that all the boys are able to say something, as opposed to rule by force, or an autocracy, as demonstrated by elevate leadership, later on in the book.By chapter Five, things have already drastically changed among the boys. The threat of the savage has been lurking among them all for some time, now, and it has been left(a) to grow to such(prenominal) an extent, that more and more muckle are behaving differently towards the island and each other. When Ralph has to call an assembly c erstrning these issues, he finds it difficult to get boththing across, or in time to be listened to, without brandishing the conch, or repeatedly reminding them that he has it. This symbolises that the power and authority of the conch is weakening, as the boys are tiring of adhering to the rules. Ralph level off comments on this during his speech, when he says things are breaking upWe began well we were happy. And past-.It al so refers a sly comment on rules and authority among real human societies, saying that we are unable to keep to them be causal agent of our nature as free beings, and thitherfore, the very idea of a rule, something that will confine us, is that temporarily effective, because we just cannot rigidly or put upingly keep to them. Many have argued for and against this theory, and much of it has to do with where we gestate our origins as humans lie. For instance, if one believes in the Christian God, they believe that we are the way we are, because of the Original Sin if Atheist, one may believe in evolution, and that we should, possibly each of us, fashion our own rules and boundaries, and not let any one person or body decide for us. It is, indeed an interesting debate.The idea of power corrupting, and being corruptible in return, is also evident in the way that Jack speaks out openly against Ralph, repeatedly, either with or without the conch. He even says, during the assembly sce ne in chapter Five, bollocks to the rules In chapter Eleven, by which time Jack has succeeded in taking al close complete control over the island, the idea of the conch has become a laughing stock, and it has physically become worn and faded, and less beautiful. Golding shows how everyone, including Ralph and Piggy, regards the conch. Despite them knowing, and comprehend in practice, that the conch is virtually useless, Piggy still tells Ralph to call an assembly, and use it, because he is so rule-rigid and loyal to Ralph, that he refuses to undermine him by abandoning the rules while even Ralph nevertheless uses it, under the direction of Piggy You call an assembly, Ralph, we got to decide what to do.An assembly for altogether us?Its all we gotBlow the conch,This unappeasable allegiance of Piggys, even now, to Ralph and the conch proves to be his fatal feature, as, when he, Ralph, Sam and Eric go up to the Castle Rock of Jacks tribe, among jeers, insults and being ignored, Pig gy still says Ive got the conch This annoys Jack and Roger so much, that both he, and the conch, now having lost its glow, are washed-up by the boulder, the conch being exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceasing to exist.Although there has been no real authority or rules for some time, by now, a theatrical role from Jacks, the end of the conch marks the real end, as even the husk, the last remaining vestige of organisation and rules, has been make away with. The fact that it is destroyed along with its one accepted follower, and the way that Golding writes it, associate it with the idea of a murder not only of Piggy, but of the conch, itself. Golding cleverly emphasises how peanut it has become by putting its destruction into one-half of a sentence, and concentrating on the main part of the event, Piggys death.The next symbol to be discussed in the book is that of the island, and its gradual and subsequent ruin. Like the conch, it is a beautiful, peaceful and full wor ld, but it is constantly affected by the boys actions throughout, even from before the book. From the first paragraph, the site of the crash is referred to as the scar, as if it were an injury to a living being, which, it could be argued, it is. Nevertheless, in chapter One, Golding creates a beautiful image of the island as a whole, using vivid description to emphasise its native beauty, and this is continued right up to the lodge of the discovery of the conch a great platform of pink granite a criss-cross pattern of trunks, very convenient to sit on bright with the efflorescence of tropical weed and coral a golden light danced and bust just over his face the brilliance of the lagoon. Goldings intense description of the lagoon and the watery areas all create the calming effect of water, due to his detailing their appealing aspects.The boys initial reactions to it are similar to what the contributor should have. They find it amazing and exotic, seeing their whole situation as an adventure, likening it to popular adventure stories, aimed, mainly, at boys, such as Swallows and Amazons, Treasure Island, and Coral Island, which they say. Their excitement overpowers their sense of reality, and the fact that they are alone, without any parents or adults, which swinish reminds them of.But in chapter two, only just after Jack, Ralph and Simon have surveyed the island, and told everyone else how big and beautiful it is, their enthusiasm leads them to make an irreparable mistake. In an at becharm to make some sort of signal to the outside world, they start a fire, which subsequently ends up scorching a large chunk of the islands vegetation. This iron outly symbolises mans effect on the natural world, and how selfish and inconsiderate we have been, in furthering our own society. The excitement and vigour with which the boys readily execute the fire also comments on this A fire Make a fireAt once half the boys were on their feet.Just like the young and carefree boys , man has created and used industry and technology to gain ground his own civilization, without the slightest thought for anything else. Already the intrinsic beauty of the island has been permanently tarnished twice. Piggy says, sarcastically, when commenting on the fire You got your pocket-size fire all right.This theme of the gradual destruction of the island is continued throughout the rest of the book, which charts, in a way, the time and scale of mans destruction of the Earth. In chapter Six, the mother pig is brutally murdered, meaning that, now, although there will be plenty of heart and soul, there wont be any new pigs to hunt, when they are all run down. And, of course, it all comes to an end, when the fire courses through the island, at the end, in chapter Twelve, finally completely obliterating anything natural, or pure, about the island.Ralph comprehend a curious trickling soundas if someone were unwrapping great sheets of cellophaneSmoke was seeping through the br anches in white and yellow wispsand then the smoke billowed around him.Concerning the island, and what it fabricates, Golding has used such vivid imagery in his description, that, when the island is being razed to the ground, the reader is left to feel slightly sorrowful about its end, and it encourages the reader to deliberate on what has happened on it ever since the boys arrived. This ties in very well with the religious connection, the island even being set forth as an Eden the idea of the Original Sin being the cause of mans look physical and moral condition.At the beginning, the boys enjoy the island and are treating the whole experience as a great big adventure after time elapses, and the boys have become af raid of the fauna, lurking around the island, their terror and fear causes them to fight back against the island, thus doing things which, though they are not fully aware of it, are ruining their environment. Towards the end, they are conducting an all-out attack on the island, with the beast on it (though, with the leadership of Jack, this is somewhat directed against Ralph).another(prenominal) distinctive symbol in the book, is Piggys spectacles. Not only are these a utility, when being used as the means to start a fire, but they also symbolise more Piggys (or just, on its own) intelligence. It is the only asset that Piggy has over the others on the island, and it also ties in with him, his behaviour, and what they symbolise.Like the conch, and what it symbolises, Piggy holds dear his spectacles this can be argued as natural, for realitys sake, but he is not the only boy who has such high esteem for them. Jack seizes them from him twice, and it could be said that Jack only does it partly for their usefulness, partly for what they symbolise (intelligence and foresight), and partly because Jack just hates Piggy and will do anything to cause harm or suffering towards him. When in chapter Four, they are damaged, with one of the lenses being broke n, he doesnt care, as he mimics Piggys cry of Just you wait. And, in chapter Ten, Jack behaves triumphantly, when it is revealed that he and a couple of members of his tribe have raided the huts, and stolen Piggys spectacles The chief led themexulting in his achievementFrom his left hand dangled Piggys broken glasses.This reaffirms how jack abuses intelligence, by stealing the spectacles, and glorifying his triumph.Another put across sign that the glasses represent intelligence is the fact that Piggy, the most rational and scientific boy there, is less confident, without them. In chapter Ten, after the damage, but before the raid, Piggy says, to Ralph I only got one eye, now. You ought to know that. Despite his reliability, even Ralph is beginning to lose wish in Piggy, his spectacles, and the meaningless conch. Golding makes the glasses now represent hope, or the lack of it. Because Piggys sight is dimmer, no one can see a way out of their predicament. This links with what Goldin g is saying about how man needs rules, with the conch so, man must also need hope, otherwise, phlegm and hopelessness set in.Therefore, the link between rules and authority, hope, intelligence and foresight, and rationality is strongly emphasised. Golding is saying that we, as civilised humans need all four, which have made up our present society. Its also telling that their present society is in the middle of a nuclear war, which could be argued as whats happening on the island, anyway. This is most clearly represented by the fact that, at the end, where the island has been devastated, and the conch, Piggy and the glasses have all been done away with, there is no moral code. The island now mirrors both their and our present society.The next major symbol in the book is the fire, and it has many different uses in the story. In chapter One, the boys have the idea of making a fire, to act as a signal to any passing ships, despite their lack of concern or consideration for the rest of the island, already discussed. But, towards the end of the chapter, the fire is described as being something different heartrending and destructive, as it burns down a part of the mountain. This is a hint of what is to come, both in toll of the plot, and Goldings way of using fire to symbolise how destructive humanity can be.All at once the lights flickering ahead of him merged together, the roar of the forest rose to thunder and a tall chaparral directly in his path burst into a great fan-shaped flamethe heat beating on his left side and the fire racing forward like a tide.It is telling, also, to what Golding believes about mans effect on the earth, as the fire has made the island a hell, compared to the enlightenment that it was at the beginning.When, in chapter Four, the fire goes out, it symbolises the loss of hope, in Ralph, as he is losing control of Jack and his hunters, and Jack is wresting the boys to his power. This is also where Piggys spectacles are damaged, and the c hain of events, here, all symbolise the despair that Ralph is beginning to have. It also ties in with chapters Eight and Eleven, where Ralph speaks of Jack stealing the fire, or hope, that was keeping him and the boys sane, and operative together. Here Golding is making another comment about our society without hope, there is nothing worth flake for or bothering with. The boys have become savage over a period of time, during which they were almost rescued, but due to their own selfishness in wanting to enjoy themselves, they have concerned themselves with fun and pleasure, seeing as there is no hope of anything else.And this is where fire, as a symbol, takes on a darker side. In chapter Nine, during the feast, and having used it to cook the meat of the mother-pig (though the utilisation of the fire for cooking the could be a positive thing), the boys dance around it, as if in some ritualistic sacrament shouting, howling and chanting Jack leapt on to the sand.Do our dance pick out on DanceA circling movement developed and a chantthe littluns ran and jumpedPiggy and Ralph, under the threat of the sky, found themselves earnest to take a place in this demented but partly secure societyThe movementbegan to beat like a steady pulseThere was the throb and stamp of a single organism.The way that Golding describes it, conjures up the image of the boys transforming, literally, into the very same beast that they are all afraid of. The pace and the diction of the words give off a feeling of great tension, signified by the coming storm in the scene. Also, the boys are described as a single organism. Due to the nature the story, Golding deliberately dehumanises the boys, and turns them into a mob, to comment on humanity as it acts in a very closed society. When one looks into human history, it is evident that in any one group, as factions, we have done terrible things to each other and to our environment. Simons death, included here, is probably the most lucid example of how destructive human beings are en masse.The final, and most distinctive, symbol to be discussed is that of the beast. This is the most profound icon used by Golding to convey his overall message of the evils within man, and his pessimism towards human nature. The beast is first introduced by one of the littleuns in chapter Two, after Ralph and Jack have explained their situation to the other boys. He wants to know what youre going to do about the snake-thing.Now he says it was a beastieThe idea that the beast is a snake-thing links in with the idea of the Original Sin the Devil taking the shape of a serpent (snake) to tempt Eve, the mother of humanity, into wrongdoing.As looked at in discussion of the conch, the island, and the fire, we already know that things go wrong on the island, and that Golding attributes this to human nature. The beast, and this idea of it being inescapable represents this. For instance, the different methods by which the boys dream up its presence (fro m water, air, snake-like) al are natural, or biblical references. Every idea of the form of the beast is a comprehensible, human, one. Also, during the frequent discussions among the boys meetings, as the fear of the beast increases among the boys, so, too, does Simons understanding. In chapter Five, he says Maybe there is a beastmaybe its only usThis shows his lore of the idea of something evil and primitive growing within the society of the boys. This is made completely evident in chapter Eight, with his conversation (in actual fact, an epileptic fit) with the beast. Simon is in his special place, originally a peaceful area of contemplation, step by Jacks placing the head of the run mother pig there, as an offering to the beast.The conversation itself is very insightful towards Goldings view of humanity and towards what Simon represents, also. The beast, or Lord of the Flies, as it is called, here, mentions Ralph, Jack, and Piggy, hinting at how they each represent an grievous aspect of human society (leadership, dictatorship, and rationality, respectively all of the secular, or physical features of humanity). The fact that the pig/beast is named as the Lord of the Flies links in with Goldings view that it is humanitys one true fault, that we have it in ourselves to be evil. Man is the beast its simply the evil within the boys that motivates them to think of it. The Lord of the Flies says You knew, didnt you? Im part of you?Im the reason why its no go? Why things are what they are?Of course, Simon isnt really talking to the Devil the fact that its all taking place inside his own head highlights that he is merely seeing that this is the darker part of human nature.When Simon then goes up the mountain, to search for the truth about the beast which he, Ralph and Jack see, Golding is show us that Simon is representative of Christ. He is the one who sees the problem with humanity, right from the beginning. He tries to explain this to his fellow man, and is laughed at about it, and considered to be mad or a fool he eventually reaches enlightenment, when he finds out the truth (the figure they saw was only the dead body of a parachutist) and when, again, he tries to make this clear to the other boys, he is killed, tragically, during the feast-turned-ritual, while they are out of control the crowd surged after it, poured down the rock, leapt on to the beast, screamed, struck, bit, torethe tearing of teeth and claws.Here, again, the boys are described as being the beast.Though extremely graphic and impetuous (as the death of Jesus was), Golding writes a beautiful aftermath, when describing the body being carried out to sea, paralleling the angelic ascension to heaven of Jesus The edge of the lagoon became a streak of phosphorescence which advanced minutelyThe clear water mirrored the clear sky and the angular bright constellationsthe advancing clearness was full of strange, moonbeam-bodied creatures with fiery eyes.The way in which Gold ing has crafted the language to create this imagery, is conjuring up the thought of Simons spirit, as it were, drifting up. It also emphasises the idea of the calm after the storm. A storm, during which, dark and violent events have occurred amongst the boys, and on the island. Now, as an irredeemable act has been carried out, Golding helps the reader reflect on this, with the serenity and beauty of the aftermath.As we know, after Simons death, everything happens very quickly. Within two days, Jacks hunters raid Ralph, Piggy, Sam and Eric, and take Piggys glasses Piggy is consciously murdered, in an attempt to retrieve them, and the conch is destroyed with him Ralph is hunted down like a pig, and the island is destroyed completely by a raging fire, which, ironically, is the beacon that gets them rescued.The beast is Goldings main device, used to convey this overall theme of the evil within man and his society. Most of the events in the book revolve around it. Ralph, the leader, trie s to reassure the boys that it doesnt exist, while being unsure of that himself Piggy, the rational scientist, completely denies its existence, and pins the boys behaviour down to things which he can be certain of Jack, the dictator, pragmatically uses the beast as fodder for the boys, denying its existence at one point, then offering it gifts at others. While Simon, the philosopher, is aware of its true form all along, but is ignored and killed for his speaking out about it.In conclusion, Goldings exceptionally complex novel is, probably, one of the grimmest, pessimistic, cynical, and yet extremely profound literatures ever written. His view of humanity and human nature is unparalleled in the way he conveys it. Whether it is realistic or not would need another essay to discuss it, but by studying all of his injected symbols, and the different purposes he creates for them, we are given a very vividly bleak image.The conch, a beautiful shell, used for a noble purpose, is abused and r idiculed, eventually unceremoniously destroyed, by which point it is dirty and uncared for. Its symbolising hope, authority, rules and freedom of speech comments on how we use these ideas today, in our society. The island, a paradise world, untouched and naturally beautiful, is ruined right from the boys very entrance, and is progressively destroyed, due to their unconcern for it.This shadows mans behaviour towards his surround and how he has advanced his own race without caution or care for the earth. Piggys glasses, rationality and intelligence, cherished by Ralph and Piggy, and abused by Jack, mirror how people have used science and philosophy for their own ends, so as to get away with terrible things. The fire is, at one point, a symbol of hope and rescue and at other points, it symbolises destruction, danger, and fear. And, of course, the beast Goldings main means. The evil within man, and how it is manifest.It is telling, however, that Lord of the Flies is only the first in a series of novels by Golding, used to convey his pessimistic view of humanity. As mentioned, there is so much to say about just the symbols he uses here, that makes this book one of literatures finest pieces.

On the Sino-Japanese Relationship Essay Example for Free

On the Sino- lacquerese Relationship EssayBibliography 1. Jacques Gernet. A history of Chinese civilization. Cambridge University Press. 1996. 2. Asakawa, K.. The Early Institutional look of japan A Study in Reform of 645, lacquer. 1963. 3. B. , Barbara Changgen, Yu. Chinese Foreign Policy during the Cultural Revolution. stark naked York Columbia University Press. 1998. 4. Hagstrm, Linus. Japans mainland China Policy A Relational Power Analysis, London and spick-and-span York, 2005. 5. Hagstrm, Linus. Sino-Japanese Relations The Ice That Wont Melt, International Journal, 2008. 6. Sansom, George . A History of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. 1958. China and Japan are geographically separated by East China Sea. China has strongly influenced Japan with its write system, architecture, culture, religion, philosophy, and law. The relationship betwixt China and Japan is really complex, in different times, the relationship changes.At very beginning, when China was ruled by Qin Shi Huang, he sent several hundred pile to Japan to anticipate for medicines of immortality.(1996) Other records at the time show that Japan already had the same customs recognized today. These embarrass clapping during prayers, eating from wooden trays and eating raw fish.During the Sui Dynasty and zest Dynasty, Japan sent many students on a limited number of Imperial embassies to China, to help establish its own footing as a s everywhereeign nation in northeast Asia. afterwards the fall of the Korean confederated kingdom of Baekje to combined Tang and Silla forces, Japan was forced to seek out the Chinese state on its own, which in those times was a treacherous undertaking, thus limiting the successes of Japanese overseas contacts during this time.(1963)In AD 663 the Battle of Baekgang took place, the first China-Japanese competitiveness in recorded history. The battle was part of the ancient relationships between the Korean Three Kingdoms (Samguk or Samhan), the Jap anese Yamato, and Chinese dynasties.(1996) The battle itself came near the conclusion of this period with the fall of Baekje, one of the Samguk or three Korean kingdoms, coming on the heels of this battle.From AD 600-1600, marine spates between China and Japan are well recorded, and many Chinese artifacts could be excavated. Baekje and Silla sometimes played the role of middleman, while direct commercial links between China and Japan flourished. The ports of Ningbo and Hangzhou had the most direct trading links to Japan and had Japanese residents doing business. The Ming dynasty decreed that Ningbo was the except place where Japanese-Chinese relations could take place.(1996) After 663, Japan had no choice precisely to directly trade with the Chinese dynasties. At first the Japanese had little long-range seafaring expertise of their own but eventually the Japanese improved their naval prowess as well as the construction of their ships.Then, it was 1890s. After the arrival of Commo dore Perry and the forced opening of Japan to western trading, Japan realized it needed to modernize to bar the humiliation of China during the Opium Wars. Friction between China and Japan arose from Japans halt over the Ryukyu Islands from 1870, annexation of mainland China after the First Sino-Japanese war of 1894. China was almost forced to cede more territory in Manchuria but was saved by Russian intervention. Despite this, China still paid a spacious indemnity and relinquished Taiwan.The next stage was the foster Sino-Japanese War and World War II. In 1931, Japan fully occupied Manchuria and created a new state called Manchukoku (Manchukuo), after a series of incidents culminating in the Mukden misadventure and came to full scale invasion of China in July 1937.(2008) Japan was soon able to gain control over all Chinese outlying territories.The Japanese invaded Beijing after accusing the Chinese Second United Front troops of shooting at Marco Polo Bridge. This marked the be ginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Chinese chauvinistic aircraft then bombed Japanese positions in Shanghai and marked the beginning of the Battle of Shanghai. Afterwards, the Japanese advanced and face little resistance as the best Chinese troops were sacrificed in Shanghai. Japanese troops massacred Chinese prisoners of war (considered shameful by Japanese Bushido) and civilians over the course of two months during the Rape of Nanking.(2008) Actual number of killed vary according to Chinese or Japanese sources. Chinese sources accept 300,000 or more killed. In 1945, Japans unconditional surrender shows the Chinese victory of the war.After the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949, relations with Japan changed from hostility and an absence of contact to cordiality and extremely close cooperation in many fields. But some Japanese fear that the economic and military power of the China has been increasing.In December 1971, the Chinese and Japanese trade liais on offices began to discuss the possibility of restoring diplomatic trade relations, and in July 1972, Kakuei Tanaka succeeded Eisaku Sat as a new Japanese Prime Minister. Tanaka assumed a normalization of the Sino-Japanese relations. Furthermore, the 1972 Nixon reduce to China encouraged the normalization process. His visit to Beijing culminated in the signing a joint averment on September 29, 1972.(2005) The Japanese agreed to most of the PRCs demands, including the political status of Taiwan. Subsequently, the isobilateral economic relationships grew rapidly 28 Japanese and 30 Chinese economic and trade missions visited their partner country.In 2001, Japans Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi visits the Yasukuni Shrine, a dedication to the countrys fallen soldiers. His visit is seen by many Chinese as symbolizing a denial of Japans World Word II war crimes, specifically the Rape of Nanjing.In 2005, Sino-Japanese relations deteriorate after Japanese textbooks understate Rape of Na njing atrocities. Violent anti-Japanese protests erupt throughout China, northernmost Korea, South Korea and other Asian nations.(2008)Now, a series of chess moves by China and Japan over the Diaoyu islands frays already fragile relations. On Aug. 15, Japanese police arrested China activists who had sailed to the islands. This enrages Chinese all over the world, people boycott Japanese life-threatenings and anti-Japanese one after another.From my point of view, Japan has crossed the line. We want a good relationship and a peaceful world, but we cannot accept someone warp the history and grab territory. As a Chinese student, I have special feelings toward Japan from childhood, what all I hope is Japan could be less agressive.

Rugby player Essay Example for Free

Rugby player humble outI volition be utilise rotary training as my method of exercise. I smell that this type of training allow give me best results on the areas of fitness I want to improve. Because circuit training has different stations, different aspects of fitness notify be buy the farmed on e. g. one station could be weight lifting, improving muscular strength, and another could be an agility run. This way I can fetch on different aspects of my fitness in one session. Also the type of exercising I will be doing is perfect for what I am trying to achieve. I can change the level of work load very easily with circuit training, because I am not following to a modified broadcast. I will constantly change the amount of work and the intensity I will do, so I keep improving. I play a lot of rugby and in the last social class I have moved up from under 16s to Colts, which is under 17s, 18s and 19s. The jump in age has been quite a a shock, not only am I trying to kee p my position as out of doors centre, the opposition are nearly twice the size of meLast year I was considered one of the fast and fairly strong and powerful, now that Im playing against 19 year olds my advantage doesnt seem as vast anymore. I feel that if I were to increase my strength and agility a bit then the breakout between me and the opposition would be smaller, or in some cases be to my advantage. Another issue is refuge I weigh 12 stone and I am six foot, some opposition are six foot six and weigh 16 stone I havent got that amount of strength to speak that amount of weight, especially in a game like rugby.So increasing my strength will hopefully make the game a bit unspoiledr for me, increasing endurance will mean I can perform longer, and increasing my agility would hopefully mean that I dont get tackled as more My program will hopefully reduce my chances of getting injured, however I need to be safe and not injury myself whilst performing my program. That is why i t is very important to warm up well forrader I actually pay back training. The benefits of a thorough warm-up areMy warm up will consist of a light jog around the gym for about 3 minutes, to loosen my vigors and start to get blood pumping quicker around my body. I will then perform a serial of stretches on my legs, working up my body systematically. When stretching I will hold the stretch for at least 10-15 seconds, it is similarly important not to bounce when stretching as this can cause muscle tear. The stretches are as follow I have chosen to do this particular warm-up as I feel that it will be sufficient, and it isnt very condemnation consuming.After I have performed my training, I will do the same routine as the warm-up for a cool- stack. The benefits of a cool down are that it helps to remove any excess lactic red-hot present in the blood. Lactic acid is produced in anaerobic exercise, and causes your muscles to stiffen after youve finished exercising. A cool-down bring s more oxygen into the blood, so that the lactic acid can be removed quicker. Another safety issue is the equipment and how it is setup. I have been shown how to setup equipment properly. I have chosen to use simple equipment, so I can perform the program at home as well as at school.By using lighter weights, only when dense enough to be overloading, will reduce the chances of damaging my muscles or tendons. The only trouble with using lighter weights is that it works on muscular endurance rather than strength. Weight lifters lift weights so heavy that they can only do about 5 reps before having to stop. If I were to lift such a weight (in comparison to more body size) I would be very liable to injuring myself, because Im not in so far fully grown. I will lift weights so I can perform about 15 reps, this I think will be working both endurance and strength.Men are stronger than women and in that location build allows them to train harder, so a woman would use even lighter weight s. There are many ways in which people can train to improve their fitness. I will be using the principles of training- F. I. T. T and P. R. O. S to get the most out of my program. Frequency I will try to perform 2-3 sessions a week, I dont have much cartridge holder to spare but that is why I chose a circuit that I can perform at home without the need of any special equipment. Intensity How hard I should work when exercising.This is the most variable aspect of training. One session you can work really hard and get a lot out of it, but you can also do the exact same thing and not work as hard and get nobody from it. I will work at an intensity that I feel I will be able to last two laps, and feel as if I have worked hard. Time This relates to the amount of time you spend doing an activity. This is quite important because if I wanted to work on my anaerobic system, then time monitoring would be essential. This will be the variable I will be changing if I feel I need to overload more .

The Pantheon as an Architectural Success Essay Example for Free

The Pantheon as an Architectural Success testifyThe papistic Pantheon is the most pre resolved building in Rome despite all the additions and restorations to its professional form. The original Pantheon was built in 27 BC by Marcus Agrippa after the conclusion of the Battle of Actium. The monolithic twist seen in Rome today, however, is no lengthy the original Pantheon from Agrippas time. The 27 BC Pantheon burned calibrate in the historic fire of 80 AD and was completely re nominateed by Emeperor Hadrian in cxxv AD with the present day social building. Hadrian, however, attri preciselyed the social organisation to the mind behind the original Pantheon as attested to by the inscription on the portico Hadrian left on the building itself, Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, in his third consulate, make it. (Ward-Perkins, 111). The Pantheon continues to mother thousands of individuals daily. Tourists as well as papistic locals be held enchanted by the buildings faade and dome . The interest displace up by the Pantheon, however, doesnt involve just tourists and curious eyes of onlookers. The architectural accomplishment that is the Pantheon has evoked many debates and researches as to its resilience to weathering and time. The Pantheon is a wonder of the modern world, a success story that continues to chirk up minds of the academe to unlock its secrets. This paper intends to delve into the more physical prognosis of the Pantheon and unearth the factors that contribute to the richness of the structures architectural design and composition. The Pantheon exemplifies the best of what the Roman architectural revolution put by during the first nose candy. The Pantheon has within its frame some of the most advanced innovations Roman architects of the first century could provide. Its construction was make possible through the development and utilization of a new type of expert cover that is now cognize as Roman concrete. Roman concrete allowed for buildin gs and architectural structures that were more curvilinear in form. This is most evident in the Pantheons configuration (Mark Hutchinson, 24). Roman concrete used bodily that was real similar to the physical used today in making concrete. The difference is seen in the way the Romans utilise these materials. The basic technique employed in Roman construction at that time consisted of only a few steps. First, a semi-fluid substance of lime, pozzolan, and small st angiotensin converting enzymes argon poured in. Then a layer of stones is put on top this mixture. A second batch of the semi-fluid substance is then poured over which another layer of stones are placed. This technique is generally accepted by those studying Roman architecture. Debate continues, however, regarding the placement of the howitzer on whether it was poured or tamped (Herring, 14). Roman pozzolan-based concrete proved to be advantageous because of the extra aspects it added to the possibilities of design whi ch were not getable with lime mortar. One of these aspects is the fact that Roman pozzolan-based concrete did not contract to be dried come out of the closet for them to set. Roman concrete would set plane when immersed. These would also cool relatively faster than lime mortar and had an added factor of increasing compressive strength, although tensile strength was low. (Mainstone, 25) The pozzolan base of Roman concrete, however, was not the only factor that made this material superior to all others available during the time of construction of the Pantheon. There were three other factors that vie into the excellence of Roman concrete. Romans were very scienceed in choosing the best quality of lime for the concrete. It was inbred for them to turn back that only the best quality of materials went in to creating their concrete. The early Roman construction workers were also strict in enforcing that the same relative amounts of materials went into the concrete production process .This was to guarantee that the concrete they produced would eternally have the same alright quality. The ratio of water mixed with the cement material was also monitored. The Romans made sure that water was tokenish in the mixture. The process of placing and compaction of the mortar was also consummateed, ensuring that almost no seats were present in the aggregate. This was to ensure that the structure for which the concrete was being used would attain the highest possible strength and therefore be one that would last under weathering and other corrosive factors (Herring, 16). The construction of the Pantheon was not a simple task. The yard, from which the blocks used to construct the structure, was located 800 meters away from the actual site of the Pantheon. Delivery of the blocks from the building yard to the construction site essential have required many laborers. The distance, however, whitethorn have also been counterbalanced by the Tiber River via which most of the b locks must(prenominal) have been shipped. With all the work voluminous in the construction of the Pantheon, it is certain that care and skill were essential in the construction. Only with extra caution and true skill could a monument such as the Pantheon truly stand and outlast its makers. (Hasselberg, 88) Understanding the material which contributed to the strength of the Pantheon is only the first step in understanding the might of its design. Certainly, the Roman Pantheon has lasted the test of time and has undergone the weathering of ages due to the Roman concrete with which it was built. And certainly the Romans heavy(p) power to come up with a plan for this construction and to follow through with these plans through careful functioning and skillful craftsmanship added to this architectural success. However, the monolithic structure has continued on as a great architectural travail through time not only because of its durability but also because of its massive design.Th e well-renowned painter of the chapiter of the Sistine chapel, Michelangelo, was one of the many people whose amazement and love for the arts were drawn forrader by the Pantheon. He is known to have once described the building as having an Angelic and not human design, a design attributable to the competence and expertise of the ancient Romans (Lugli, 1). The Pantheons privileged is one of the most concrete examples for the beauty and angelic appeal of the building.The first and most conspicuous aspect of the Pantheons interior that invites its visitor to exclaim in wonder is not the groynes or ceiling but rather the amount of position that welcomes all to take a step inside. Roman architecture considered situation to be something more than just a gap between two objects. Rather, space was considered as a concrete object, as something with volume, with equal weight as the human body. The Pantheon provides modern-day proof of the Roman architects need to place room and make sp ace in the architectural designs of the buildings constructed at that time (Semes, C1.1).The extensive space seen in the Pantheon is not complete to be considered as remarkable if left by itself. It must always be considered with relation to a context, the structures forming the boundary of that space. It is then essential for the Roman architects to ensure that the walls and domed ceiling of the Pantheon will do well to complement the space they wish to portray in the building (Semes, C1.2). In the case of the Pantheon, Roman architects chose a round shape to serve as a boundary of the space within the interior of the Pantheon. The circular shape adds to a feeling that the Pantheons interior is indeed spacious.The Pantheons walls are ordered by an array of extravagant structures such as the buildings columns, lintels, niches, doorways, and of turn tail the wall itself seen between the earlier mentioned structures. The structures involved in the Pantheons walls were not only varied in type but were also varied in terms of the subtypes. The additions to the wall were formed into varying shapes, indeed forming subtypes, to add to the intricacy of the beauty of the Pantheons interior (Semes, C1.2).Take a moment now to take stock one of these features which exists as an aspect of the design of the Pantheon celebrated by contemporary architects as a combine to early architectural concepts of beauty. This is seen in the three basic dimensions of the Pantheons wall. These three dimensions include the diameter of the columns, the space between each column, and the height of the columns.These dimensions are in the ratio of 129.5 in the Pantheon. Hermogenes, a popular architect during the Hellenistic age, considered these dimensions and ratio to be the makings of a perfect faade. Vitruvius, the engineer during the 1st century in Rome, is most likely the one to bring to life through the Pantheon the concepts introduced by Hermogenes (Hasselberg, 89). The round wall keeps many niches as well creating an impression of the wall containing numerous chambers at different levels. These niches contain some of the most reputable men of the Western world including kings of Italy, popes, and famous painters such as Raphael. each(prenominal) niches as well as initiatives in the wall are framed by an arch of bricks which serve more than just beautification purposes.These arches add to the support of the wall above the openings and niches and were called relieving arches because of this feature. These arches only went so far as the wall and did not invade the Pantheons dome. Creating structural support through the use of relieving arches was very vernacular with Roman architects during the time the Pantheon was built (Lugli, 30).Roman architects showed their prowess by the careful placement of these structures, the columns, the lintels, the niches, the doorways, and the wall itself. They alternated unshakable structures with spaces creating an action between the two which worked to increase the Pantheons appeal as an architectural masterpiece. The differing shapes in the structures, therefore, did not give a sense of disorder but rather an overall impression of organization in the face of diversity. The walls and its complementing features thus give an observers eyes a feast both as individual pieces and as an integrated w good deal (Semes, C1.2).One of the most acclaimed features of the Pantheon is its domed ceiling. It is celebrated world-wide for its being built. The Romans were known for their addition of arches in their structures. The creation of the Roman Pantheons domed ceiling gives evidence to the development of the Roman architectural concept of arches. Roman architecture evolved to improve the concept of the arch, modifying it and making it more complex with the resulting structure of a dome.The Roman concrete based on pozzolan is acknowledged by many to be the discernment for the Roman architects success in buildi ng a domed ceiling. At the time, the new form of concrete made the construction of the ceiling an accomplishable feat. Lime mortar would not have been an easy material to use in the construction of the Pantheons ceiling, thus the use of the new pozzolan-based concrete, which had many features of modern Portland concrete, contributed greatly to the monumental task of building the dome-shaped ceiling. However, there are those who believe that although the concrete is one of the main factors involved in the domes success, it is not the only factor.Robert Mark and Paul Hutchinson believe that the concentric stepped peal placed in the outer surface of the Pantheon dome add to the success of the ceiling (26). It is believed that the steven step sound helped to bring stability to the entire structure of the Pantheon by adding to the compression of the structure. This is evidenced by the middle at the center of the dome which serves as a compression ring.The positioning of the ring or oc ulus consummationively distributes the compression of the structure about this point. The compression ring attests to the skill of the Roman architects and engineers. They not only had the skill and knowledge required to create the colossal Pantheon but they also had the expertise and comprehension of modern engineering science to create it in such a way that it would remain standing as a solid and stable structure for a long time.Many of the imitations of the Pantheon add such stepped rings to the dome of their differential coefficient structures probably for the same purpose of stability and compression. The dome was also a successful architectural feat with the help of the coffering. Coffering is the placing of sunken panels of different shapes in accordance with the structures in the ceiling.This serves aesthetic purposes as well as reinforces structural strength. The domes underside was also made stronger with the use of lightweight aggregate in the upper part of the buildi ngs edifice. The aggregate was of lower density than the aggregate used in the lower parts of the building such as the walls, scandalise and columns. It is evident then that a jackpot of though went into the creation of the Pantheons dome (Mark Huthcinson, 26).Because of the addition of an oculus in the domed ceiling, the Pantheon provides a perfect example of an architects use of light to emphasize the appearance of space. The Pantheons dome has an oculus or opening in the middle which makes a circular form across the Pantheons interior, the floor and the walls. Sunlight streams in through the open oculus and gives an enchanting chiaroscuro resultant role, a term indicating the alternating effect of light and dark, via the columns and niches in the room (Semes, C1.2). The shadows created by the columns and niches plays with the light coming in from the oculus to create the effect of irregular but successive alternations of brightness agains darkness.However, a simple addition o f an opening in a spacious room is not enough to create such a marvel as the Pantheons interior. There must always be the consideration of the features within the structures interior and how these features would interact with the light. The different materials used in the construction of the Pantheon add to the mystery created by the illumination entering from the opening in the domes oculus. The classical interior welcomes the streaming in of light from the sun or perhaps even from the moon. The walls, the columns, the niches and even the arches add to the effect given by the streaming glow from above. The wits with all its colors, the golden gleams from the ornaments, allow for the light to play inside the Pantheon and create different effects (Semes, C1.2).The columns in the Pantheons interior are created with different types of marble. Those in the lower zone are of a material called giallo antico. This is a type of marble that is of a yellowish-orange color. Some of the other c olumns in the lower zone are made of marble with an off-white color streaked with reddish-purple hues, called pavonazzo. The walls and floor are covered with marble of white, green, and green-gray colors. Although it may seem to one who has not seen the Pantheon up close that these colors would clash and cause quite an unprepossessing display of shades, this is not the case in the Pantheon.The architects and engineers of the Pantheon were so skilled that even in the mixing of these hues the Pantheon creates a sense of intricate beauty and intimate splendor. These add to the attraction of the Pantheons interior for visiting tourists and even for the locals. The colors are so well balanced that the interior creates a sense of energy and of sensation despite the variation (Semes, C1.2). The Pantheon lends this energy to its visitors, encapsulating them in its color-induced aura once they step inside the great structures walls.The Pantheon came to be used for different purposes, attes ting to the flexibility of its architectural design. Historians speculate that the Pantheon may have been ab initio used as a dedication to the Roman gods and goddesses worshipped by many at that time. It may also have served an astrological purpose which may have been the reason for the oculus or hole at the rooftop of the Pantheon. The structure continued to served as a church in 608, as a funerary afterwards, and as a place where the busts of artists not laid to rest in the Pantheon were placed (Howell, 34).The end of the Roman civilization signaled the replacement of Roman architectural design. The Dark Ages was a time of little growth in architectural design but new architecture was conceptualized by the succeeding Renaissance minds. If not for structures such as the Pantheon, Roman architecture would have been all but forgotten.Today, many historians, architects and researchers continue to study the Pantheon to show and uncover the secrets lost during the downfall of the Rom an Empire. It provides modern architects are now returning to the foundations of classical architecture and the Pantheon is a treasure trove of knowledge regarding classical design. The Pantheon provides these architects with aspects of classical design that are no longer visible in modern structures. It is clear that the Pantheon continues to be a legacy of the skill and capabilities of the Roman architects who made it (Semes, C1.2).Works CitedLugli, G. The Pantheon and Adjacent Structures. Rome Giovanni Bardi Publisher, 1971Hasselberg, Lothar. Deciphering a Roman Blueprint. Scientific American 272 (1995) 84-89Herring, Ben. The Secrets of Roman Concrete. Constructor mag September 200213-16Howell, Peter. Pantheons Transformations of a Monumental Idea. Apollo Magazine September 2005 33-36Mainstone, Rowland. Letter On the Structure of the Roman Pantheon. The fraud Bulletin 68 (1986) 673-674Mark, Robert, and Paul Hutchinson. On the Structure of the Roman Pantheon. The Art Bulletin 68 (1986) 24-34Semes, Steven. Pantheon Inside. architecture Week 254 (2005) C1.1-C1.2Ward-Perkins, J.B. Roman Imperial Architecture. New York Penguin Books, 1985